Browse Items (340 total)
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Resisting the Melting Pot: The long term impact of maintaining identity for Franco-Americans in New England
Approximately 1 million French-Canadians moved to the United States, mainly between 1865 and 1930, and most settled in neighboring New England. In 1900 almost a fifth of all persons born in French Canada lived in the U.S. These migrants exerted considerable efforts to maintain their language and to replicate their home country institutions, most notably the schooling system, in their new country. For decades, this resistance to assimilation generated considerable attention and concern in the U.S. The concerns are strikingly similar to those often invoked today in discussions of immigration from Hispanic countries, notably Mexico. Mexicans may not be assimilating into mainstream America as European immigrants did. We look at the convergence in the educational attainment of French Canadian immigrants across generations relative to native English-speaking New Englanders and to European Roman Catholic immigrants. The educational attainment of Franco-Americans lagged that of their fellow citizens over a long period of time. By the time of the 2000 Census, they appear to have largely achieved parity. The effects of World War II, especially military service, were very important in speeding up the assimilation process through a variety of related channels: educational attainment, language assimilation, marrying outside the ethnic group, and moving out of New England. Economic assimilation was very gradual because of the persistence of ethnic enclaves. -
Les Acadiens du Madawaska
Article describing the town of Madawaska, Maine, in the St. John River Valley, through the perspectives of three generations of the Hébert family. Introduction to Acadian history in the St. John Valley, the twentieth-century industrialization of Madawaska, the role of language and tradition in local communities. The relationship of each interviewee - Jeanne, son Réal, grandson Duane - to the French language, and their personal thoughts on Madawaska's changing cultural and linguistic shapes. -
Heritage Lost and Refound : Franco-Americans in Vermont
Feature article on French Canadian and Franco American heritage in Vermont. Early 20th-century discrimination and violence against French Catholics in Vermont. Characterizations of Franco American community life among other Vermont ethnic groups; testimonies of French language loss; recent attempts to revive cultural traditions in daily life. The ways in which certain interviewees find value in their cultural heritage. Includes brief interviews and personal profiles of Vermont journalist, Tena Starr; Roman Catholic Brother Adrian Bouchard; Burlington mayor, Peter Alfred Clavelle; and musician, Martha Pellerin Drury. -
Où est Woonsocket?
Newspaper feature on the changing cultural landscape of Woonsocket, Rhode Island. Comments on the city's once-predominant French Canadian population centered around its Social District. French heritage in Woonsocket as repositioned after WWII by suburban sprawl, new politicians and businessmen, and an appreciation for language and culture that adapted to American processes acculturation. Examples of cultural and linguistic idioms that are uninterpretable to many new Woonsocket residents and young people. The contemporary ways in which people in Woonsocket are working to promote their city's historic offerings. Includes references to the upcoming filming of the Montreal production, "The Mills of Power"("Les tisserands du pouvoir"), to take place in Woonsocket; l'Union Saint-Jean-Baptiste; Representative Rene Lafayette and Mayor Charles Baldelli; and Richelieu International. Featured in an issue of the Providence Sunday Journal Magazine. -
Vermont's Hidden Heritage : French-Canadian Culture Sinking From View
Article on Franco American culture in Vermont: from its perceived "decline" to concerted efforts at its revival in different parts of the state. Suggestions on the potential cultural and political reasons for local assimilation. Particular emphasis on French heritage in the city of Winooski. Comments from University of Vermont professors, André Sénécal and Peter Woolfson; St. Michael's College professor, Anne McConnell; musician, Martha Pellerin Drury; former mayor, Ronald "Pete" Lacourse; and Vermonter, Marc Choiniière; among others. -
The Language of Reconciliation
Article on past prohibitions against French language usage in the schools of northern Maine's St. John River Valley, the lasting impacts of these prohibitions, and recent unique efforts to nurture and strengthen bilingualism in that region. Emphasis on the 1996-1997 program begun in the elementary schools of Madawaska, Maine. How this case is situated in the nationwide conversation on language and culture in US public education, in the context of national advances made in bilingual education in the 1960s and 1970s. Comments from the program's director, and reactions to the program from families in other towns in the St. John Valley. Subtitled, "Once, French-speaking students on the Canadian border were prohibited from speaking French at school. Today, an experiment at two of those schools is trying to bridge the French/English divide." -
Freeing the silenced tongue : Mainers with French-Canadian roots try to revive their banished patois
Brief profile of a Waterville, Maine, group of adults intent on reclaiming the French language that permeated their earlier lives but that - for reasons personal, political, and otherwise historical - was replaced or repressed by communication in English. Includes testimonies of the circumstances surrounding language loss from others in northern Maine's St. John River Valley, as well as from a Maine documentary filmmaker. -
The Franco-Americans : Awareness of French Heritage Declines As Young Assimilate American Culture
Feature article on the cultural changes occurring among former French Canadian immigrant communities, now Franco American descendant ones, in the cities of New Hampshire. How the occurrence of the French language among New Hampshire Franco Americans is much less prevalent in 1986 than it had been in the 1940s and 1950s. Assimilation and French language loss in the context of the New Hampshire Roman Catholic Church. A brief review of historical patterns of immigration from Canada to New Hampshire. A declaration of some new attitudes towards Quebec, France, the French language, and intercultural communication.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Allenstown NH, Berlin NH, Claremont NH, Community: Customs and Social Life, Concord NH, Demography, Dover NH, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Keene NH, Laconia NH, Language and Linguistics, Lebanon NH, Manchester NH, Nashua NH, New Hampshire, Religion, Rochester NH, Somersworth NH, Suncook NH -
Berlin Mirrors State Trend
Brief article outlining the history of the French Canadian and Franco American presence in Berlin, New Hampshire, and the cultural changes the city has undergone from 1890 onward. The rise and fall of the influence of historically French Canadian cultural institutions - parochial school, church, music - in Berlin. -
Along the St. John Valley
Feature article on the towns and people of the St. John River Valley in Aroostook County, Maine. Photos of farm, church, and family, in illustration of the descriptions of rural life along Maine's north and northeastern Canadian border. Interviews with a priest, town manager, and other Valley residents.Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Allagash ME, Dickey ME, English Americans, Farming and Agriculture, Forestry, Fort Kent ME, Frenchville ME, Hamlin ME, Irish Americans, Keegan ME, Language and Linguistics, Lille ME, Madawaska ME, Maine, Notre Dame ME, Scottish Americans, St. David ME, St. Francis ME, St. John ME, St. John River Valley, Van Buren ME -
Franco-Americans gather for forum : French-speaking participants recall how their language drew ridicule
Article on a French-language forum about cultural heritage and viability in the St. John River Valley, northern Maine. The talk, sponsored by the Maine Humanities Council, was led by advocates for the Acadian and Quebecois heritages prevalent in Frenchville, Fort Kent, Grand Isle, and many other communities throughout northern Aroostook County and the state of Maine. -
A Society Of Two Worlds : Une Société des Deux Mondes
Article subtitled, "French-Canadian Life And Culture In Vermont." A profile of French Canadian and Franco American communities in the state of Vermont, through the eyes of some Vermonters and academics. Large emphasis on the roles of family, religion, and traditional music as perpetuated cultural norms. What generational changes to these things mean to Franco Americans in Vermont. Contains captioned images.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Averill VT, Beebe VT, Burlington VT, Community: Customs and Social Life, Derby Line VT, Emigration and Immigration, Essex Junction VT, Family, Farming and Agriculture, Isle LaMotte VT, Lakeside VT, Mills and Mill Work, Music, Newport VT, North Troy VT, Northeast Kingdom VT, Norton VT, Québec, Religion, Rutland VT, South Burlington VT, Vermont, Winooski VT, Youth -
La Survivance
Article subtitled, "Families of French-Canadian descent once regarded French Catholicism and the French language as inseparable keys to their ethnic survival." An overview of the history and culture of Franco Americans in New England, beginning with the earliest French presence in 17th century North America. How work, religion, and language, historically important to many Franco American New England communities, have changed shapes among other arguably more persistent cultural symbols. Franco American culture as it is seen in the 1980s.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Burlington VT, Community: Customs and Social Life, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Farming and Agriculture, Holyoke MA, Journalism, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Madawaska ME, Manchester NH, Mills and Mill Work, Social History, St. John River Valley, Woonsocket RI -
For Franco-Americans, it's now or never
Subtitled, "French in New England fear their language and culture risk being lost forever unless something is done soon." An article presenting the Franco Americans in Vermont as a people at risk of cultural and linguistic assimilation. Focuses on the worries of a generation of native French speakers and direct descendents of French Canadian American immigrants over threats to their linguistic relevance, unwelcome challenges posed to the cultural currency they pass on to their own descendents, and the historical context that orientates their concerns. Includes commentary from many Vermonters, and relates their difference of opinion as to the role the French language should play in the lives of Franco Americans. Thoughts on the relevance of these concerns to the current (1980s) political movements in Quebec. -
Ils se souviennent, They remember : The quiet presence of New England's Franco-Americans
Article describing modern impressions of Franco American culture in New England, including recent and diverse efforts undertaken to preserve certain of its aspects - language, food, music, and others. Presents descriptions of how Franco American assimilation, and Franco Americans' attitude toward it, are sometimes understood.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Amherst MA, Barrington NH, Community: Customs and Social Life, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Food, Genealogy, Irish Americans, Italian Americans, Language and Linguistics, Leominster MA, Lowell MA, Manchester NH, Massachusetts, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Orono ME, Religion, Webster MA, Woonsocket RI -
The darker side of 'melting pot'
Review of "What Became of Them and Other Stories from Franco-America" (1988), a book of short stories from Lisbon Falls, Maine, writer, Denis Ledoux. -
La langue française : mourant à Augusta? (The French language : Dying in Augusta?)
Focus article on the linguistic changes evident among French speakers and Franco Americans in the communities of Augusta, Maine. Comments on language frequency within families and schools, as well as differences in French fluency among children and adults. Contains quotes from many Augusta residents. Written in the wake of a minor controversy over the elimination - then return - of a French-language Canadian television channel provided by the Augusta area cable network. -
Chez les Patenaudes, l'héritage vit encore
Article on Augusta, Maine's Patenaude's Superette, a family-run market serving people in the northern part of the city for nearly a century. A brief history of the store - its owners, their family, and the services and products offered its largely Franco-American clientele. The market atmosphere as a barometer of cultural and linguistic change within the community, seen profiled here by then third-generation owner, Tom Patenaude. -
Le français se meurt au Vermont
Sur la présence franco-américaine au Vermont - son histoire, ses changements linguistiques, et la grande possibilité de sa disparition. Commentaires sur la discrimination raciale et linguistique, aussi que l'éducation et la télévision, comme prenant part au processus de l'assimilation des communautés franco-américaine dans cet état.
Le titre complet est ainsi libellé: "Apriès des années de relations tourmentées avec la culture québécoise, la communauté franco-américaine fait face à l'extinction." -
Les Franco-Américains - Le retour aux sources
Un aperçu général d'une histoire des Canadiens français aux États-Unis - les Franco-Américains - et les changements qui ont eu lieu dans leurs communautés au fil du temps. De leurs débuts migratoires, à la fin de leurs enclaves ethniques, à leur renouvellement moderne dans la recherche généalogique et d'histoire personelle.
Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Bourbonnais IL, Burlington VT, Central Falls RI, Community: Customs and Social Life, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Farming and Agriculture, Illinois, Labor History, Lewiston ME, Louisiana, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Marlboro MA, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Bedford MA, New England, New Hampshire, Old Orchard Beach ME, Québec, Rhode Island, Rochester NY, St. Albans VT, United States, US Midwest, Vermont, Wisconsin, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
A New France in New England
Some comments from an American critic at the time of a visible wave of French Canadian immigration to the United States - especially New England - in the 1880s. Provides a favorable social and political context from the French Canada of this period. Attempts social, linguistic, and political description of both French Canadian immigrant professionals and members of the working class. Discusses immigrant attitudes toward assimilation, their reasoning and their feasibility. Thoughts on the future growth of the French Canadian population in New England. -
New England's Franco-Americans : Vive la difference?
Article on the plight of Franco American cultural activists in New England. The variety of the troubles confronting them, and their energy in relation to the seeming decline of the historically supportive Franco cultural establishments as seen in churches, schools, and large families. Contains an historical overview, demographic figures from the 1970 US census, and the considerations of Francos in the public sphere across New England. Tagline below the article title reads, "Some say the fight to preserve French identity in New England is being lost without a struggle. But that's only one side of the story..." Article featured in the United States bicentennial issue of Yankee magazine.Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Biddeford ME, Burlington VT, Connecticut, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Government and Politics, Greenville NH, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Manville RI, Massachusetts, New England, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, South Fitchburg MA, Vermont, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Bishop Celebrates One of Final Masses at Saint André, Biddeford
Brief article on a Roman Catholic mass celebrated by Bishop of the Diocese of Portland, Maine, Richard Malone, at St. André Church, Biddeford, Maine. This ceremony was held, in tribute to the parish, two months before the occasion of the church's closing on December 31, 2010. St. André Church was opened in 1910. -
L'amour de la culture française
Article in recognition of Burlington, Vermont's 2011 French Friendship Day - a gathering together of local and international francophiles and francophones to celebrate the presence of French Canadian and Franco American culture in Vermont. Contains an historical overview of French Canadian emigrant community in Burlington and its environs. Mentions a number of activities and items historically common to French Canadian and Franco American life, as well as historical instances of persecution against Franco Americans in Vermont, and contemporary efforts - like the French Friendship Day - to maintain and share Franco culture.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Barre VT, Burlington VT, Colchester VT, Community: Customs and Social Life, Death and Disaster, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Food, France, Government and Politics, Language and Linguistics, Leicester VT, Montpelier VT, Music, Québec, Religion, Rutland VT, St. Albans VT, Stonecutting, Vergennes VT, Vermont, West Rutland VT, Winooski VT -
Can this heritage be saved?
Feature article on the present (1977) cultural situation of Franco Americans in Maine. Discussion of their minority demographics, as well as local, academic, and federal intiatives to bolster bilingual educational support, community solidarity, and public recognition. Looks specifically to the Acadians of the St. John Valley and the Francos of the lower half of the state, especially in Lewiston, and the differences between their communities and histories. Written in light of pending federal legislation to recognize Franco-Americans as an official and distinct minority group, thereby making available more federal money for culturally relevant programs. -
Class dramatizes the Franco-Mainer experience
Bowdoin College senior seminar in the French language culminates in a documentary film and a theatrical piece. Students used information learned through over 60 hours of interviews with local Francos. -
The French Canadians
1889 article on the French-Canadian immigration phenomenon in the United States and the need for rapid Americanization. Author argues that French Canadians do not appear to be assimilating as well as they should. Article refers to the political and economic positions that together must be taken to facilitate the safest growth of an immigrant America while, at the same time, preventing the persecution of the newcomers. -
The French of New England Are Getting Nearly Speechless
From a separate article written by Robert C. Carroll: "A recent New York Times article, written by a Franco-American reporter, E. J. Dionne, Jr., cites uncontestable opinion as well as social research testifying to the obvious decline in the use of French outside the home in New England. While the young people may have lost or may never have acquired French as a household language, many still understand it; and growing numbers, acknowledging it as a cultural tool, want it back. Dionne does not explain in his article, however, that the loss of spoken French is not only the sign of assimilation but more precisely the result of the relatively recent assimilation induced by the decline of the parochial school system that gave instruction in the language of the home." -
The Quaint Canadians of New England Towns; Among the Young Girls Fine Dress Is a Mania. All Their Lives the Women Work Hard, but the Native Tongue and Religion Are Not Allowed to be Forgotten.
Descriptive, ethnographic New York Times feature article on "French-Canadian women" from youth to old age in New England. The author considers the Franco-American working woman a peculiarly American character, and the French-Canadian American mother an inevitable barrier to assimilation. -
French Canadians in New England
1901 supplementary article on French-Canadian communities in New England. According to author, these communities - unlike other immigrants to the United States around the turn of the century - appear to resist cultural assimilation by the insular nature of their make-up.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Labor History, Lawrence MA, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Merrimack River Valley, Michigan, Mills and Mill Work, Nashua NH, New England, New York, North Dakota, Québec -
French-Canadians Strong in Numbers; Total Nearly One-Seventh of Population of New England States. Dominant in Some Cities; Eager to Keep Their Language, School and Church--A Valuable Labor Class
Brief editorial on the growth of the French-Canadian/Franco-American population in the United States relative to other cultural groups. Considers the dilemma of the French-Canadians' resistance to full assimilation alongside their healthy contribution to the American labor force. -
French Canadians In New-England
Brief article taken from the Boston Commercial Bulletin that cites Boston French Canadians being granted a hearing to protest against the Bureau of Statistics labeling them the "Chinese of the East." -
Franco-America's Growing Pains: The Shadows of the Trees. By Jacques Ducharme. 258 pp. New York: Harper & Brothers. $2.50.
A review of the exploratory book-length essay entitled "The Shadows of the Trees," by Jacques Ducharme, on the Franco-American experience in the United States. Ducharme attempts to explore the most prominent aspects of French-Canadian emigrant culture brought into question by life outside of Canada. -
The French Canadians in New-England
Another editorial on French-Canadian populations in the United States, their common patterns of community congregation, and what to the author seems to be a resistance to assimilation. From the text: "It is next to impossible to penetrate this mass of protected and secluded humanity with modern ideas or to induce them to interest themselves in democratic institutions and methods of government....Where they halt they stay, and where they stay they multiply and cover the earth." -
French Canadians Object
1890 article on one Fall River, Massachusetts, social organization's response to the Catholic Centennial Congress's outright rejection of the existence of national societies. -
French-Canadian of To-Day
1900 letter to the New York Times refuting pejorative descriptions leveled on "the French-Canadian of to-day" by a New York Times editorialist who had only spent a short time in Canada. The letter covers the editorialist's attitude toward French-Canadian "superstition," "accent," and "uncleanliness," and remarks on his oversight of the strength of French-Canadian communities in the United States. -
AGAINST ALL ODDS: LIFE ON THE HILL: St. Augustine Church - the spiritual, social center
Part 2 of 4 of the October, 1991, series entitled, "Against all odds: Life on the 'Hill'" - a close look into Augusta, Maine's Sand Hill (Sandhill) neighborhood. Part 2 focuses on St. Augustine Roman Catholic Church, the unifying center for many in the parish spread up and across this part of north Augusta. -
AGAINST ALL ODDS: LIFE ON THE HILL: St. Augustine School changes with the times
Part 3 of 4 of the October, 1991, series entitled, "Against all odds: Life on the 'Hill'" - a close look into Augusta, Maine's Sand Hill (Sandhill) neighborhood. Part 3 is a brief look into St. Augustine School, the educational foundation - alongside Sylvio J. Gilbert Public School - for Hill residents. St. Augustine School opened in 1888 and closed in 2008, to be merged with St. Mary's School into a single Augusta Catholic Diocesan school - St. Michael. -
AGAINST ALL ODDS: LIFE ON THE HILL: Places that provided common heritage gone or declining
Part 4 of 4 of the October, 1991, series entitled, "Against all odds: Life on the 'Hill'" - a close look into Augusta, Maine's Sand Hill (Sandhill) neighborhood. Part 4 includes two pieces: one acknowledging the vast changes that have taken place in the community since the early 20th century, the other acknowledging the still present voice of Le Club Calumet, a Franco-American social club, that has undergone its own sort of struggle. -
No longer silent minority
Guest article written by Franco-American performer, Jean-Paul Poulain, on the need to preserve Le Club Calumet as a private organization. This piece comes amidst the controversy surrounding a county court ruling that the Augusta, Maine, Club was unlawfully discriminatory towards women. -
An Open Letter to Whom It May Concern: A Rebuttal to Calumet Club Superior Court's Judgment
A lengthy open letter concerning the potential effects of Kennebec County Superior Court's ruling against Le Club Calumet, charging it to begin admitting women into the membership ranks of its historically all-male establishment in Augusta, Maine. The letter's primary concern is the court's designation of the Club as a "public accommodation," not a private one, that might potentially be forced to admit any person without regard for ethnicity. -
Calumet hurt its own
Letter to the editor opposed to the Maine Supreme Court's decision in favor of Le Club Calumet barring women from membership in its Augusta, Maine, organization. -
Can two languages survive in Québec?
Article on the concurrent usages of French and English in 1970s Québec, and opinions as to the future of the province of Québec's language landscape. Special to the CSM written by Lisbon, Maine, author, Denis Ledoux. -
Parlez-vous Canadien?
Article on the comparisons made between French language varieties in Canada, France, and elsewhere in the Francophone world. -
Franco-American Women Awakening a Silenced Culture
E-news article on women reviving Franco culture in Maine. -
Where is the French in Lewiston?
Radio piece on the transformations of French language and Franco American culture in Lewiston, Maine, in the 21st century. Features Marie Marthe Rivard, a 1922 immigrant from Québec to Lewiston, at her home, at work, and at Catholic mass. Some thoughts on her own languages and the speaking of French within her family. Impressions of local culture from a Lewiston priest and a local French language teacher. Produced, with photographs, for the Salt Gallery of the Salt Institute for Documentary Studies in Portland, Maine. -
Deep Woods and River Roads : Voices from the Kennebec-Chaudiière Heritage Corridor
Subtitled, "An Audio Tour of Route 201 in Maine." A production of short interviews and other recordings that capture the people from each major section of Maine's historic route running north to south along the Kennebec River. Designed to accompany and advertise tourism along the Kennebec-Chaudiière Heritage Corridor. Narrated by National Public Radio's Nick Spitzer. Includes segments with artists, teachers, performers, cooks, loggers, fishermen, builders, painters, and more. Writers Wesley McNair and Richard Russo read from their work. Some history of the Penobscot Nation, Benedict Arnold's Expedition, the French Canadian immigration, Bath Iron Works, and other persons, places, and events important to the region. Audio begins geographically in Jackman, Maine, and ends at Popham Beach, Maine. CD is accompanied by a descriptive guide with regional art and summaries of each covered geographic section along the Kennebec River. Contributors listed in order of appearance. Tracks play in the following order: Introduction Maple sugaring [Somerset County] Jackman in Winter [Jackman, ME] The Old Canada Road [Pleasant Ridge Plantation and Bingham, ME] Logging [Skowhegan, ME] White water rafting [Somerset County] Fiddleheading [West Forks, ME] Birch bark canoe making [Solon, ME] Fly fishing [Oakland, ME] South Solon Meeting House [Skowhegan, ME] Grange Hall [Norridgewock, ME] Poet, Wesley McNair [Mercer,ME] Franco-Americans in Waterville [Waterville, ME] Mills [Waterville, ME] Benedict Arnold [Pittston, ME] Merrymeeting Bay [near Bath, ME] Farming [Dresden, ME] Ship building [Bath and Phippsburg,ME] Lobstering [Bath, ME] Popham [Popham, ME] OuttroTags Acculturation and Assimilation, Art and Architecture, Augusta ME, Bath ME, Business and Economics, Caratunk ME, Community: Customs and Social Life, Dead River Valley ME, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Farming and Agriculture, Fishing, Folklore, Food, Forestry, Gardiner ME, Hallowell ME, Hunting, Jackman ME, Kennebec River Valley, Madison ME, Maine, Mercer ME, Mills and Mill Work, Moosehead Lake Region, Moxie ME, Native Americans, Norridgewock ME, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Phippsburg ME, Pittston ME, Poetry, Popham ME, Québec, Richmond ME, Seguin Island ME, Skowhegan ME, Solon ME, Somerset County ME, Sports and Leisure, Travel and Movement, Waterville ME, West Forks ME -
Reflets et lumieère : Porte ouverte sur la communauté de Old Town
Second episode in a public broadcasting documentary series on Franco Americans in Maine at the beginning of the 1980s. Composed of two major segments. In the first segment, a video essay entitled "Bells and Whistles," Eugene Paradis guides viewers through the history of Old Town, Maine, up to the present. The second segment is a closer look into the French Island community of Old Town. Both segments are introduced in French with English subtitles, while the segments themselves are mostly in English with portions of subtitled French conversation. The program is followed by a brief reaction by French-speaking puppets, "Patate" et "Pitune." -
Growing Up Franco In Lewiston
Oral interview with a woman recalling her youth and family in Lewiston, Maine. Her memories of the pervasiveness of French language and culture in the first half of the twentieth century, and her thoughts on the decline of French language and community. Recollections of her family's Catholic piety. The ways in which French language and Franco American culture remain part of her adult life. Recorded in the Story Bank mobile recording studio at the 2009 American Folk Festival in Bangor, Maine. -
Réveil...Waking Up French
Documentary film about Franco American culture and language in New England. Press release from Watching Place Productions: "Explores the struggle for cultural survival among the French-Canadian, Franco-American communities of New England. It reveals the importance of history and heritage understanding and demonstrates how languages can be reacquired for personal and community renewal." -
Si je comprends bien... (If I Really Understand...)
A documentary that captures sentiments toward francophone cultures between France, Quebec, and New England in the context of Quebec's 1980 sovereignty referendum. From WorldCat: "Features interviews with French Canadians and Franco-Americans about the importance of keeping the French language alive in New England and how Franco-Americans are in danger of losing their identity if they do not." -
Les tisserands du pouvoir
Un drame télévisé sur l'émigration canadienne française à la Nouvelle-Angleterre au début de la vingtiième siiècle, et les travailleurs des usines textiles de l'époque industrielle aux Etats-Unis.
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Black Robe
From the Canadian Film Encyclopedia: "Black Robe is a bleak but majestic film about the diverse cultures of the French settlers and the Algonquin people, and the clashes between them....The hostile wilderness of 17th-century New France is the setting for the story of Father Laforgue (Bluteau), a young, idealistic Jesuit whose ambitious mission is to save the souls of the 'savages' of New France. Upon his arrival from France, Laforgue embarks on a perilous journey by canoe, from Champlain's fort upriver to a desolate Jesuit outpost where it is hoped he will 'reap a harvest of souls.' He travels through the magnificent, nearly overwhelming landscape of the Canadian North with a group of Algonquin Indians as his guides." -
The Belles of New England
A presentation by William Moran on his book, "The Belles of New England," as a portion of the 2002 Concord Festival of Authors, Concord, Massachusetts. From C-SPAN: "Mr. Moran discussed his book 'The Belles of New England: The Women of the Textile Mills and the Families Whose Wealth They Wove,' published by Thomas Dunne Books. The book recounts the rise and fall of the New England textile industry of the 19th century. Mr. Moran traces the experiences of the thousands of women who left New England farm towns and the Irish, Canadian and European immigrants who came to work in the textile mills. At a time when women had no political influence, these workers opposed mill owners like the Cabots and Lowells of Boston for fair wages and safer working conditions. Following his remarks, Mr. Moran answered questions from members of the audience."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Biddeford ME, Boston MA, Business and Economics, Connecticut, Emigration and Immigration, Farming and Agriculture, Gender and Sexuality, Great Britain, Ireland, Labor History, Lawrence MA, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Manchester NH, Mills and Mill Work, Nashua NH, New Bedford MA, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Québec, Saco ME, Saco River Valley, Social History, Sports and Leisure, Waltham MA -
Bird Cloud : A Memoir
Narrative of the discovery and inhabiting of the author's homestead along Wyoming's North Platte River. Memoirs from the author's youth and family life, relatives, their cultures and their mobility. Her youth across New England. Historical, archaeological, and genealogical portraits of her family, her various regions, and their people woven throughout. Vivid descriptions of natural life in the rural United States that add to several chapters on the processes of architecting, building, and getting acquainted with her Wyoming home - Bird Cloud - and its own histories. From the author of "The Shipping News," "Accordion Crimes," and several other notable works of fiction.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Art and Architecture, Connecticut, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Genealogy, Geography, Maine, Montréal QC, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Rhode Island, Saratoga WY, Travel and Movement, Vermont, Willimantic CT, Wyoming -
Poetry and the Landscape of Epiphany
Short autobiographical essay on the elements of cultural heritage evident in the author's family history and youth; the persistence of a French Canadian "communal sensuous self," the impact of one's environments, and recognizing one's heritage beneath evolving shapes of assimilation in America. Includes a translation of Anne Hébert's "Castle Life." Republished in "The Maine Reader: The Down East Experience from 1614 to the Present," with a brief introduction to Maine Franco American history, local photographs, and the poem, "To My Brother." -
Man in the Middle
Short personal essay written by a journalist from Maine. Reflections on leaving Maine early in life, eventually for New York City, and returning for his retirement. His early commitment to mastering English in spite of his home French, and both the personal and the more general, historical issues that this choice and language loss raised for him upon his return. Arguments bolstered by events surrounding the mispronunciation of his French name, the cultural insensitivity he still finds in his home state, and the attempts of others to reckon with discrimination toward French cultures in Maine. First published serially in Le FAROG Forum , in three parts. Later included in a 1970s collection of materials entitled, "Franco American Resources in Education" developed by Claire Bolduc. As part of this collection, the essay is followed by six discussion questions related to issues raised by the author. -
Quebec to New England : The Life of Monsignor Charles Dauray
Biography of a priest who emigrated to New England from Quebec and became an instrumental figure in the Providence, Rhode Island, Roman Catholic diocese. His early life in Canada, his movement to the United States on account of illness, and his lifelong attention to Rhode Island's Roman Catholics of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His pastoral leadership of Most Precious Blood Parish in Woonsocket. From Bruce Humphries, Inc., Publishers: "The career of Monsignor Charles Dauray is actually the history of the French-speaking population of the Diocese of Providence, Rhode Island, from 1872 to 1931." -
Up from Maple Street
Memoirs of a Vermont teacher. The story of his French Canadian family living in St. Johnsbury, Vermont in the middle twentieth century. From Ecko House Publishing: "This book tells of a French Canadian family rising out of poverty and achieving the American Dream. The setting is St. Johnsbury, Vermont. Felix, the Dad, is a hot dog vendor on the hilly streets while Mom is a stay at home mom raising eight children. The American Dream is reached through hard work, perseverance and especially education. Part of the book deals with interesting anecdotes at various schools in Vermont in which the author spent 36 years as a teacher and school administrator." -
The Bridging of Two Cultures
Subtitled, "How One Family of French Canadian Descent, Without Compromising Its Heritage, Learned to Live and Cope in the Border Village of Derby Line, Vermont in the First Half of the Twentieth Century." Biography of the Morin family of Derby Line. Descriptions of a rural American community and the family's negotiation of it with a cultural strength partly unfamiliar to their surroundings. -
Ferdinand Gagnon : Biographie, éloge funeèbre, pages choisies
Des écritures et un oraison funièbre d'un homme treès significatif au mouvement survivance aux Etats-Unis, un fondateur de la presse franco-américaine dans la Nouvelle Angleterre au dix-neuviième sieècle, et rédacteur ancien de la publication, Le Travailleur. Contient une briève introduction biographique écrit par Josephat Benoit.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Burlington VT, Champlain NY, Community: Customs and Social Life, Concord NH, Essay, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Journalism, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Massachusetts, Montréal QC, New England, New Hampshire, Providence RI, Québec, Southbridge MA, Vermont, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
American Ghosts
A memoir from prose writer David Plante. An exploration of identity with respect to language, the power of Catholic traditions, and the pull of sex, moving with the author from his Providence, Rhode Island, hometown through Europe and back again. From Publishers Weekly: "Haunted by the visible and invisible spirits of his life, Plante embarks on a remarkable journey of self-discovery. Traveling through a past littered with the ghosts of his ethnic lineage (French Canadian), his family heritage, his sexuality and his writing life, he searches to make sense of his spiritual longings and his physical desires." -
L'émigrant acadien vers les États-Unis, 1842-1950
Le cinquiième colloque de l'Institut français du Colliège de l'Assomption, Worcester, Massachusetts, 16-17 mars 1984. Imprimé dans un numéro du périodique "Vie Française: Revue trimestrielle," publié par le Conseil de la Vie française en Amérique. Présentations sur les Acadiens et Acadiennes apriès le Grand Dérangement, principalement en Acadie et dans les états de la Nouvelle-Angleterre. L'émigration et ses causes; la langue française; des thièmes littéraires acadiennes; la musique; et certains communautés historiques franco-américaines dans la Nouvelle-Angleterre. Des brefs profils des auteurs qui ont contribué au colloque.Composé des piièces suivants: Préface, Claire Quintal "La Survivance acadienne en Nouvelle-Angleterre," R.P. Clarence-J. d'Entremont "Les Acadiens d'hier et d'aujourd'hui," Mason Wade "L'Emigration et les Acadiens," Fernand Arsenault "L'Emigration dans la littérature acadienne (1867-1958)," Marguerite Maillet "Les particularités du français acadien néo-écossais," Moshé Starets "L'Emigrant acadien et sa culture populaire," Lauraine Léger "Chanter son Acadie," Georges Arsenault "Economie, société et migrations: le cas de la vallée du Saint-Jean au 19e siiècle," Béatrice Chevalier Craig "La Formation d'une communauté à Old Town, Maine, 1835-1930: endogamie et origines natales parmi les Acadiens," Marcella Harnish Sorg "Perspectives sur Old Town, Maine, dans les années 30: témoignages tirés des récits de vie d'Acadiens et de Franco-Américains, recueillis dans le cadre du Federal Writers' Project," C. Stewart Doty "De la ferme à l'usine: les Acadiens dans Fitchburg, Massachusetts (1880-1910)," Paul-D. LeBlanc Notices biographiques des auteurs, Michelle-M. CotnoirTags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Amesbury MA, Augusta ME, Bangor ME, Belfast ME, Berlin NH, Beverly MA, Biddeford ME, Boston MA, Bradley ME, Braintree MA, Brewer ME, Bridgeport CT, Brockton MA, Brownville ME, Business and Economics, Cambridge MA, Cape Cod MA, Caribou ME, Chelsea MA, Chicopee MA, Cleghorn MA, Clubs and Societies, Cromwell CT, Demography, Dorchester MA, Dover NH, Emigration and Immigration, Everett MA, Fairfield ME, Fall River MA, Fiction and Literature, Fisherville MA, Fitchburg MA, Forestry, French Island ME, Frenchville ME, Gardner MA, Gloucester MA, Greenville ME, Hartford CT, Holyoke MA, Ipswich MA, Language and Linguistics, Lawrence MA, Leominster MA, Lewiston ME, Louisiana, Lowell MA, Lynn MA, Madawaska ME, Maine, Malden MA, Massachusetts, Melrose MA, Milford ME, Music, New Bedford MA, New Brunswick, New England, New Hampshire, Newton MA, Norwich CT, Nova Scotia, Old Town ME, Orono ME, Pawtucket RI, Portsmouth NH, Prince Edward Island, Reading MA, Saint John River Valley, Salem MA, Sanford MA, Saugus (Mass.), Skowhegan ME, Springfield MA, St. David ME, Stoneham MA, Taunton MA, United States, Van Buren ME, Wakefield MA, Waltham MA, Waterville ME, Wilmington MA, Winn ME, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
L'émigrant québécois vers les Etats-Unis : 1850-1920
Le deuxiième colloque de l'Institut français du Colliège de l'Assomption, Worcester, Massachusetts, 14 mars 1981. Imprimé dans un numéro du périodique "Vie Française: Revue trimestrielle," publié par le Conseil de la Vie française en Amérique. Présentations sur l'émigrant québécois; son contexte culturelle, religieuse, et économique au moment de son depart de Québec entre 1850 et 1920; et son histoire québécois au début de sa nouvelle situation au XXe siiècle en Nouvelle-Angleterre.En deux parties principales, avec les piièces suivants: Préface, Claire Quintal I-L'émigrant québécois vers les Etats-Unis : 1850-1920 "L'évolution économique du Québec et l'émigrant," Yves Roby "Les valeurs religieuses de l'émigrant québécois," Nive Voisine "Les Québécois et la culture savante," Claude Galarneau "Culture populaire de l'émigrant québécois," Jean-Claude Dupont Bibliographie générale II-Autres Communications "L'attachement a la terre et l'émigration dans certains romans québécois," Pierre Anctil "Le Franco-Américain campagnard dans l'état du Vermont," Peter Woolfson "Facteurs sociaux et leur rapport avec le choix de vocabulaire chez les Franco-Américains de Lewiston, Maine," Ireène Mailhot-BernardTags Acculturation and Assimilation, Beecher Falls VT, Boston MA, Burlington VT, Business and Economics, Canaan VT, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Derby VT, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Fall River MA, Farming and Agriculture, Fiction and Literature, Folklore, Franklin County VT, Holland VT, Island Pond VT, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Manchester NH, New England, New Hampshire, Québec, Religion, St. Johnsbury VT, Vermont, Winooski VT, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
A Critical Survey of Recent Geographical Research on la Franco-Américanie
Conference presentation outlining the major contributions of geographers to Franco-American studies in the 1980s and early 1990s. Critical comments on efforts in Canadian, American, and francophone cartography; local-level demographic studies; research on landscape and material culture preservation; Cajun studies; and a spatial/temporal model of the development of French North America, in progress at Laval University. Hypotheses for the future of Franco American studies, based on cultural and historical trends.Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Alburg VT, Art and Architecture, Cajuns, Chicago IL, Demography, Detroit MI, Emigration and Immigration, Farming and Agriculture, Folklore, Geography, Louisiana, Madawaska ME, Mills and Mill Work, Minneapolis MN, New Brunswick, New England, New York NY, St. John River Valley, Texas, US Midwest, Vermont -
Conference on the French Language Community in North America
Presentation of conference lectures in support of the creation of CODOFINE - Council for the Development of French in New England - as modeled after Louisiana's CODOFIL. CODOFINE and its organizers' competing orientations toward Franco Americans in New England, as well as their attitudes toward cultural identity, language, and the language-learning process. Concludes with a presentation of conference resolutions and resolved group leaders. Comprised of the following sections: Introduction
The Franco-Americans - In Search of an Invisible Minority
The New Franco-American
French-English Bilingualism and Bilingual Education
Final Conference Session
Comité provisoire pour la formation du Conseil pour le développement du français en Nouvelle-Angleterre
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Public or Parish : A Study of Differences in Acculturation of Franco American Schoolchildren
Presentation of findings of a study on Vermont Franco American children. A comparison of cultural values - personal and public - as measured in young Vermont students in parochial school and public school. A report of the involved questionnaire and study, a presentation of their findings, and an anthropological interpretation of the results. Appearances of the difference in rate of acculturation between public and parochial school students of each sex. A follow-up to his 1972 report, "Value Orientations of French Canadian and Anglo-American Children in Three Northeastern Vermont Communities." Presented at the Northeast Anthropological Association annual meeting, Burlington, Vermont, April 27-29, 1973. -
The Quebec and Acadian Diaspora in North America
A conference publication consisting of a collection of essays on the titled topic. Contains the following written pieces by their respective authors: "The Acadians: a People in Search of a Country" by Jean Daigle, "Emigration and Colonization: Twin Themes in 19th-Century French Canadian Literature" by David M. Hayne "The Rise and Fall of Felix Albert: Some Reflections on the Aspirations of Habitant Immigrants to Lowell, Massachusetts in the Late Nineteenth Century" by Frances Early "Language and Ethnic Identity in South Louisiana: Implications of Data from Mamou Prairie" by Gerald L. Gold "The Franco-Americans: Occupational Profiles" by Madeleine Giguere "Franco-Americans and Ethnic Studies: Notes on a Mill Town" by Robert F. Harney "The Decline of French as Home Language in the Quebec and Acadian Diaspora of Canada and the United States" by Charles Castonguay "'L'Affaire Forest': Franco-Manitobans in Search of Cultural and Liinguistic Duality" by Gilbert-L. Comeault "Le Patriote de l'Ouest and French Settlement on the Prairies, 1910-1930" by Andre N. Lalonde "Spatial Patterns in Franco-Ontarian Communities" by Donald Cartwright "The Role of the Church in French Ontario" by Robert Choquette "The Franco-Ontarian Collectivity: Material and Symbolic Dimensions of its Minority Status" by Danielle Juteau-Lee "The Franco-Ontarian Experience" by Gaetan VallieresTags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Creoles, Emigration and Immigration, Essay, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Fiction and Literature, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Louisiana, Lowell MA, Manitoba, Mills and Mill Work, Montréal QC, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Religion, Social History, Travel and Movement, United States -
Les Franco-Américains : La promesse du passé et les réalités du présent
Une collection de papiers d'un colloque NADC dans la Nouvelle-Angeleterre, 1976. La poièsie, des essayes sur l'ethnicité et la culture, des histoires, des piièces dramatiques, aussi que des pensées sur la langue et la futur francophone aux États-Unis. -
The "Dit" Name : French-Canadian Surnames, Aliases, Adulterations, and Anglicizations
American exploration of the transition and development of French Canadian surnames in the United States, with a particular emphasis on those names now found in various forms in the New England states. The term "dit," translated as "called" or "a.k.a.," refers to the disconnect between one's spoken name and one's actual given name or family surname. Originally published in 1993 under the shortened title, "French-Canadian surnames, aliases, adulterations, and anglicizations." -
Marriages of St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Old Town, Maine (1860-1960): Including 1836-1892 Franco-American marriages recorded in the civil registers of Bangor, Bradley, Brewer, Old Town, and Orono
A list of marriages from 1836 to 1892, a list of priests, marriages, and marriage extracts from 1862 to 1960, a necrology from 1880-1946, a list of Anglicized French surnames in the Old Town area, and a list of the earliest French-Canadian families in Old Town. -
The Name of DeRose : Translations of French family names into English
Article in the official journal of the Canadian Society for the Study of Names (formerly "Onomastica"). Features scholarship on name transition and translation, with a particular emphasis on these processes as they work through French Canadian names in the state of Vermont. -
The Origins and Development of French-Canadian Family Names
From the author:"Although most French-Canadian surnames bear a strong resemblance to those found in France today, many have undergone various types of orthographical and phonological alterations which make them unique in the French-speaking world. Further contributing to this singularity is the admixture of a substantial number of French names from other countries (Belgium, Switzerland) as well as non-French names from France (Basque Country, Brittany, Alsace-Lorrain) and elsewhere (Germany, Ireland, United States, Spain, etc.) This article is an attempt to provide an account of the origins and development of this amalgam of family names." -
Les noms de famille du Canada français : origines et évolution
De l'introduction: "La grande majorité des noms de famille du Québec à l'heure actuelle sont d'origine française, et on en trouve aussi un grand nombre en Acadie. Hormis les Huguenots qui se sont établis ici et là aux Etats-Unis aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siiècles, c'est à partir de ces deux grandes régions que les noms francophones se sont répandus à travers l'Amérique. Dans la plupart des cas, ils sont les produits des patronymes que portaient les immigrants qui se sont établis en Nouvelle-France au début de la colonie. Au bout de quelque 400 ans, il n'est pas étonnant de retrouver des différences importantes tant au niveau linguistique que distributionnel entre les noms de famille que l'on retrouve en France et ceux du Nouveau Monde. En effet, on peut soutenir que la divergence entre les deux fait de la recherche onomastique en Amérique du nord un domaine tout à fait indépendant qui, étonnamment, n'a reçu que triès peu de considération si on compare tout le temps et l'effort qui ont été consacrés à l'étude généalogique de ces noms." -
La langue française au défi de la diversité, par l'expérience de la minorité : le français, langue régionale de Louisiane
De l'auteur: "Ce texte porte sur la langue française telle qu'elle se parle en Louisiane depuis priès de quatre siiècles. Apriès un bref rappel de ses sources (français hexagonal, créole, acadien, etc), l'auteur s'intéresse aux efforts de revitalisation de la langue française à partir des années 1960. Depuis une cinquantaine d'années, l'école a pris le relais de la famille comme principal lieu de transmission de la langue française, ce qui n'est pas sans représenter un certain nombre de défis en ce qui a trait à la nature du français à enseigner." -
An Incident Between the French Canadians and the Irish in the Diocese of Maine in 1906
An essay on the reactions of Franco American journalists and national societies to the naming of an Irish successor to the Maine Roman Catholic diocese's bishopric in 1906. Lewiston, Maine's "Le Messager" extended its criticisms to the Holy See and the whole of Church hierarchy. This drawn-out event is couched here in a brief description of Catholic demographics around that period in the state of Maine, with accompanying definitions of what were called "national" churches versus what are now labeled "territorial" parish churches.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Bangor ME, Bath ME, Biddeford ME, Connecticut, Eagle Lake ME, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Jewett City CT, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Religion, Old Town ME, Portland ME, Putnam CT, Religion, Violence, Waterville ME, Westbrook ME -
Religion et ethnicité franco-américaines en Nouvelle-Angleterre, 1860-1930
De Weil: "A? travers le cas mal connu des Franco-Américains, ces Canadiens français catholiques qui quittièrent le Québec pour la Nouvelle-Angleterre à partir des années 1860, l'Auteur entend montrer la place de la religion dans l'expérience ethnique de la transplantation. Apriès avoir rappelé la situation québécoise et le poids d'une Église catholique, romaine, conservatrice et nationaliste, vouée à la cause de la préservation d'une société catholique, française et rurale, il montre que, transplantée en Nouvelle Angleterre, cette religion ethnique eut néanmoins une fonction et conservatrice et modernisatrice..." -
Review: "Franco-Amérique," and "Loyal but French: The Negotiation of Identity by French-Canadian Descendants in the United States"
Review of two 2008 history texts on French America: "Franco-Amérique," by Dean Louder and Eric Waddell, and "Loyal but French: The Negotiation of Identity by French-Canadian Descendants in the United States," by Mark Paul Richard.Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Alberta, Criticism and Review, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Florida, Government and Politics, Illinois, Lewiston ME, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Native Americans, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- French in North America, Nonfiction -- Geography, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec -
"Parfois le bon mot nous échappe" : Interference Phenomena Among Franco-Americans in Massachusetts
Essay on linguistic phenomena -- "code-switching," "tag-switching," or other culturally indicative lingual breaks -- in Franco-American bilingual speech patterns found in Massachusetts. Includes a discussion of some common speech characteristics of Francophone Canada, as well. -
Exploring the Dialect of the Franco-Americans of Manchester, New Hampshire
From the authors: "This research focuses on... the French language's influence on Franco-American English in Manchester, a city in southern New Hampshire....The questions we explore include the following: Does the Franco-American community of Manchester have its own French-influenced dialect on English? What sociolinguistic factors influence this dialect? Do speakers with stronger cultural ties to the Franco-American community produce a more French-sounding English? Can immersion in Franco-American culture have an influence on speakers who are monolingual (in English)?" -
From Franco-American to American : The Case of Sainte-Famille, an Assimilating Parish of Lewiston, Maine
From the author: "While many studies have focused on the migration, settlement, and community formation of French-Canadian immigrants in the United States, we know little about the history of their Franco-American descendants in the twentieth century. Through the vehicle of the parish study, we can explore the continuing struggle between survivance and assimilation. An examination of the Sainte-Famille parish in Lewiston, Maine, sheds light on the assimilation of Franco-Americans into U.S. society over the course of the twentieth century. In particular, it highlights the role of the parish in promoting assimilation." -
Resisting the Melting Pot : The Long Term Impact of Maintaining Identity for Franco-Americans in New England
From MacKinnon and Parent - Department of Economics, McGill University: "In this paper, we look at the emigration of approximately 1 million French-Canadians who moved to the United States, with the bulk of the migration occurring between the end of the Civil War and 1930 and with most settling in neighboring New England. What makes this episode particularly interesting is the fact that the French-Canadian immigrants exerted considerable efforts to maintain their language and to replicate their home century institutions, most notably the schooling system, in their new country. This explicit resistance to assimilation generated considerable attention and concern in the U.S. over many years.... We look at the convergence in the educational attainment of French Canadian immigrants across generations relative to native English-speaking New Englanders and to other immigrants....Additionally, we show that military service was a very important factor contributing to the assimilation process through a variety of related channels, namely educational attainment, language assimilation, marrying outside the ethnic group, and moving out of New England. Finally, when we compare Franco-Americans to French-speaking Canadians of the same generations, it is clear that Franco-Americans substantially upgraded their educational attainment relative to what it would have been if they had not emigrated."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Canada, Demography, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Holyoke MA, Language and Linguistics, Mexico, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Education, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Québec, Religion, United States, War -
Je me souviens ... aussi: Microethnicity and the Fragility of Memory in French-Canadian New England
From the author: "This bilingual article explores the possibilities of post-bilingual 'Canadian' memory and identity through the literary and cultural history of Canada's largest extraterritorial diasporic community: the French-Canadians of New England. In examining textual sources through which New England French-Canadians have imagined their affinities and differences in relation to other ethnic groups and nationalities, from the mid-19th century up to the present day (e.g., Tremblay, Beaugrand, Kerouac, Plante, Proulx), an alternative model for the 21st century emerges: a politics of alterity in which an increasingly fragile 'microethnic' memory continues to be rearticulated across linguistic and national borders to serve as a parallel narrative to metropolitan discourses of identity, exceptionalism and survivance." -
Journalism and the French Survival in New England
Essay on the plight of Franco cultural survivance and the efforts of Franco journalists to survive the French language in New England in the early twentieth century. Written by a Franco and bicultural sympathizer in the late 1930s. Includes brief descriptions of specific Franco periodicals from throughout New England, with special emphasis on Le Travailleur (Worcester, Massachusetts).Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Amesbury MA, Biddeford ME, Central Falls RI, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Fitchburg MA, Hartford CT, Haverhill MA, Holyoke MA, Journalism, Language and Linguistics, Lawrence MA, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Lynn MA, Manchester NH, Marlboro MA, Nashua NH, New Bedford MA, New England, Newburyport MA, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Journalism, Pawtucket RI, Salem MA, Sanford ME, Taunton MA, Waterbury CT, Waterville ME, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Liberty, Coercion, and the Making of Americans
From the author: "In this essay, I test the Crièvecoeurian myth of Americanization against the rich body of work produced by historians and other students of European immigration in the twentieth century. The myth consists of four distinct claims: first, that European immigrants wanted to shed their Old World ways and to become American, second, that Americanization was quick and easy because the immigrants found no significant obstacles thrown in their path, third, that Americanization 'melted' the immigrants into a single race, culture, or nation, unvarying across space and time, and fourth, that immigrants experienced Americanization as emancipation from servitude, deference, poverty, and other Old World constraints....I focus on literature generated since World War I on European immigration from 1880 to 1920, the era of the so-called new immigrants."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Austria, Boston MA, Bulgaria, Chicago IL, Emigration and Immigration, England, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Europe, Germany, Government and Politics, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jewish Americans, Lithuania, New York NY, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Poland, Portugal, Québec, United States, War, Woonsocket RI, Yugoslavia -
L'identité franco-américaine : tendances actuelles dans le sud de la Nouvelle-Angleterre
De Fox, Fortin, Martin, et Stelling: "Le terme «franco-américain» s'emploie pour désigner les immigrants canadiens arrivés au nord-est des États-Unis pendant une période s'étalant de 1840 à 1930. Catholiques et francophones, ils y ont établi des communautés resserrées et un réseau d'institutions religieuses, scolaires et sociales afin de maintenir leur religion, leur langue, et leur mode de vie traditionnel. Cependant, l'évolution rapide qu'a connue ce groupe depuis les soixante derniières années a déclenché un débat sur sa définition : comment les Franco-Américains se caractérisent-ils actuellement? Partagent-ils encore une identité commune? La présente étude cherche à contribuer à la discussion en se servant de témoignages oraux provenant d'entretiens sociolinguistiques réalisés aupriès de 130 habitants de quatre villes: Woonsocket (Rhode Island), Southbridge et Gardner (Massachussetts) et Bristol (Connecticut). Deux analyses quantitatives de ces données nous permettent d'obtenir une vue d'ensemble de la question identitaire. Puis, nous nous penchons sur les particularités de chaque communauté dans une série d'analyses qualitatives. La synthièse de ces différentes analyses nous permet de constater que les quatre communautés connaissent un processus d'assimilation dont le rythme et les caractéristiques diffièrent considérablement d'une communauté à l'autre. Même si un grand nombre d'entre-eux utilisent toujours l'étiquette franco-américaine pour se décrire, les Franco-Américains se limitent désormais à une conception identitaire qui évolue au sein de leur propre communauté sans référence à une culture supra-communautaire." -
Recherches en cours sur le français franco-américain
De Glottopol, la revue de sociolinguistique en ligne: "Jane Smith et Cynthia Fox font le point sur les analyses qu'elles ont déjà produites jusqu'ici, notamment la situation du franco-américain à l'heure actuelle, l'implantation des dialectes franco-canadiens et acadiens et le maintien ou la perte de leurs traits d'origine ; les conséquences linguistiques du contact avec l'anglais et de l'emploi réduit du français ; et enfin le franco-américain à l'intérieur du dynamisme du français nord-américain."Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Berlin NH, Biddeford ME, Bristol CT, Demography, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Gardner MA, Gender and Sexuality, Language and Linguistics, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Southbridge MA, Van Buren ME, Waterville ME, Woonsocket RI -
On Maintaining a Francophone Identity in Cohoes, NY
From the author: "One third of the population of Cohoes, New York, is descended from French-Canadians who immigrated to the northeastern United States between 1840 and 1930. Since the end of immigration, the close-knit community centered on the French parish has undergone profound changes and French has ceased to be the language of everyday communication among its members. This paper describes the characteristic behaviors and attitudes which set the remaining Cohoes French speakers off as a group from other minority language communities and help them maintain their francophone identity."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Cohoes NY, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Hudson River Valley, Language and Linguistics, Mohawk River Valley, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Personal History: Biography and Oral History -
Une communauté franco-américaine dans l'Etat de New York : une étude préliminaire sur le français à Cohoes
Un bref essai sur la persistance au vingtiième siiècle de la langue et la culture francophone à Cohoes, New York. -
Étude sociolinguistique de quelques caractéristiques des emprunts à l'anglais par des franco-américains du Massachusetts
De l'auteur: "On entend souvent dire que le français parlé par les Franco-Américains comporte un grand nombre d'anglicismes. L'étude d'un corpus recueilli aupriès de 25 locuteurs franco-américains du Massachusetts permet de quantifier plus précisément la situation. On constate que le nombre d'emprunts à l'anglais dans le discours français est comparable à plusieurs points de vue à celui d'autres communautés francophones minoritaires en Amérique du Nord, soit en général moins de 1%. De plus, on observe un certain degré de variation sociologique, les hommes empruntant davantage que les femmes, tout comme les plus a?gés par rapport aux plus jeunes. Quoique triès limitée, cette analyse exploratoire indique que des perceptions et des jugements parfois subjectifs demandent une étude plus approfondie et à partir de données nombreuses et représentatives." -
The Growth of the French Canadian Race in America
French-Canadian population growth in Canada as a model for testing the claims of Malthusian economics. -
Name-Changing Patterns among French Canadians in Waterville, Maine
Brief history of French-Canadian immigration to Waterville, Maine, followed by an exploration of the reasons behind a strong pattern of surname-translation and -changing in the same town. Includes a short list of original surnames and their corresponding anglicizations. -
Immigrants in a Frontier Community : Madawaska 1785-1850
Essay on the effects of immigrants from French Canada on the demography, economy, and social landscape of the Upper St. John Valley, Maine, around the turn of the nineteenth century. Explores an argued distinction between "French Canadian" and "Acadian."Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Farming and Agriculture, Forestry, Geography, Government and Politics, Labor History, Madawaska ME, Maine, New Brunswick, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Québec, Religion, St. John River Valley -
Early French Migrations to Northern Maine, 1785-1850
Essay attempting to dispel inaccuracies of the Acadian tradition in the Madawaska area, and to reckon the historical record with popular historical perceptions about that region that have developed over time by those who claim to be descendent from that region. Brief history of the birth of Madawaska. From an issue of the Maine Historical Society Quarterly entitled, "Franco-Americans in Maine." -
Where French Is Not A Foreign Language : Franco-Americans and the State and University of Maine
Rise and decline of French language media and academic programs in the US Northeast, as well as the persistence of discrimination against the North American French, with Maine as the primary context for observation. Includes tables of Maine county and town names with their respective percentage of French heritage population.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Auburn ME, Bangor ME, Biddeford ME, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Fort Kent ME, France, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, New Brunswick, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Nova Scotia, Orono ME, Québec, St. John River Valley, St. Lawrence River Valley, Waterville ME, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Some Misconceptions about Teaching American Ethnic Children Their Mother Tongue
Essay on language instruction, problems with favoring rote over mother tongue, and some arguments for maintaining linguistic heritages in language education. -
New England French Vocabulary
Brault's essay is an explanation of the results of language tests taken by nine Franco-American French speakers, his evaluation of their levels of vocabulary, and his observations of their speech habits. The overall conclusion of his study partially reads: "The following partial tabulation of a Preliminary Classification Test administered to all nine informants demonstrates the fact that the two levels in the Franco-American phonetic system normally have a lexical correlation. In other words, if a Franco-American at Level 1 (i.e. that level farthest from standard French) succeeds in raising his speech phonetically to Level 2 (i.e. an intermediate level between Level 1 and standard French), his vocabulary will normally reveal a similar degree of switching to modern French." -
L'abbé Lionel Groulx et les conséquences de l'émigration canadienne-française aux États-Unis
Quelques pensées sur l'attitude de Lionel Groulx - écrivain, orateur, pretre - vers l'émigration canadienne-française aux États-Unis, la rélation entre émigration, la ruralisme du Québec, et messianisme. Groulx était un vrai nationaliste, et beaucoup de ses oeuvres réfletent une conception qui assimile l'émigration avec la damnation et la fin de la francophonie canadienne et catholique. -
Les stratégies familiales des francophones de la Nouvelle-Angleterre : Perspective diachronique
De Boudreau et Frenette: "Dans cet article, nous examinons l'évolution des stratégies familiales des francophones de la Nouvelle-Angleterre dans la longue durée. En prenant la communauté de Lewiston comme étude de cas, nous nous penchons sur trois périodes : celle de la migration de masse, caractérisée par la primauté de la famille comme unité socio-économique, celle de l'implantation ethnique, qui voit les stratégies se modifier, sous l'impact de facteurs matériels et idéologiques. Apparaît alors uni, démarcation entre les stratégies des Canadiens français originaires du Québec et celles des Franco-Américains nés aux États-Unis, la période d'acculturation rapide, ù la relation famille-individu devient inversée, les stratégies visant désormais le bien-être de l'individu. Toutefois, la famille continue d'être l'agent de socialisation de base, une fonction qui inclut parfois la transmission de l'ethnicité franco-américaine." -
Attitudes linguistiques et transfert à l'Anglais dans une communauté franco-américaine non homogiène : le cas de Bristol, Connecticut
De Bagate, Lemery, et Martin: "Dans cet article, nous essayons de décrire le processus de transfert linguistique à Bristol. Nous présentons d'abord un bref historique de cette communauté francophone ainsi que des données démographiques puisées dans plusieurs recensements du United States Census Bureau. Ensuite, nous analysons des commentaires provenant d'une trentaine d'entretiens réalisés aupriès des Franco-Américains de Bristol au cours de l'été 2002 et comparons l'origine, l'appartenance à la premiière, deuxiième ou troisiième génération d'immigrants, le type de mariage (exogame, endogame), l'usage et la transmission de la langue ainsi que les attitudes linguistiques des locuteurs interviewés."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Bristol CT, Connecticut, Demography, East Hartford CT, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Hartford CT, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Maine, Massachusetts, Meriden CT, New Britain CT, New Brunswick, New England, New Hampshire, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Rhode Island, Van Buren ME, Vermont, Waterbury CT, Waterville ME, West Hartford CT, Woonsocket RI -
French in Maine
Essay concerning the American Association of Teachers of French (AATF) 1954 conference named, "French in Maine." Tries to address the specific role of French language teachers in Maine given the state's particular linguistic and ethnic characteristics.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Biddeford ME, Brunswick ME, Education, Fort Kent ME, Frenchville ME, Grand Isle ME, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Madawaska ME, Maine, New Brunswick, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Journalism, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Nova Scotia, St. John River Valley, Van Buren ME, Waterville ME -
Les Franco-Américains dans la guerre : patriotisme et survivance
Article journal sur la participation militaire des canadiens-français aux conflits américains: les guerres d'Indépendence et de Sécession, les Guerres mondiales, etc. Quelques descriptions des hommes canadien-français et franco-américains bien-connus pour leur service militaire ou leurs expressions d'une patriotisme américain dans le 20e siiècle. Explorations de la phénomiène de la guerre comme entrée franco-américaine dans la discussion de l'identité culturelle et nationale; des attitudes franco-américains envers le Canada, le Québec, et le France; des négotiations de "l'élite franco-américain" pour un héritage français aux États-Unis par des périodes d'un patriotisme intensifié américain. La guerre américaine en tant que site de la dualité culturelle franco-américain.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Boston MA, Canada, Clubs and Societies, Cooperville NY, Fall River MA, Lake Champlain VT, Lowell MA, Malone NY, Manchester NH, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Government and Politics, Nonfiction -- History -- General, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Oswego NY, Québec, Rouse's Point VT, War, Whitehall NY, Woonsocket RI -
"Speak White" : Language Policy, Immigration, Discourse, and Tactical Authenticity in a French Enclave in New England
Article analyzing the Sentinelle Affair in 1920s Rhode Island as a case study in <i>la survivance</i>, for the role of language politics in spectres of assimilation and white ethnicity in the United States, and as a lens to the political economies that have historically upheld English Only language policy arguments. An expansive reading of Sentinellist responses to American Catholic Church English language policies for parochial schools. How events like the Sentinelle Affair imply what have been historical, multifaceted linguistic realities in education throughout the United States, and in particular in New England French-heritage enclaves of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Argument in favor of Franco American "settlement" in New England as best understood in the discourse of diaspora instead of the "resistance-assimilation" dichotomy that often accompanies discussions of local culture in American immigration. -
Language and Culture : Heritage and Horizons : The 1976 Northeast Conference
Summary description of the twenty-third annual meeting of the Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, held in New York City. The conference's theme relating to the origins and endurance of languages other than English among immigrant groups in the United States, and culminating in three reports: "Origins," "Cultural Pluralism," and "Contributions." Descriptions of conference participants and program content, with emphases on French, Spanish, and German languages. Includes brief descriptions of the work of Normand Dubé, Don Dugas, Guy Dubay, Alain Blanchet, Paul Chassé, Claire Quintal, Nelson Pepin, Joan Young, Roger Paradis, Richard Santerre, Ann Woolfson, Robert Paris, and others. -
L'identité de l'immigrant québécois en Nouvelle-Angleterre : le rapport Wright de 1882
Un portrait historique de la réponse publique au rapport infa?me écrit par Carrol Wright et du Bureau of Labor Statistics du Massachusetts, 1881, dans le contexte de l'immigration canadienne-française classe ouvriière, de la communauté, et de l'identité. Des renseignements biographiques sur Carroll Wright. Activité journalistique dans les communautés franco américaines, en particulier autour de l'œuvre de Ferdinand Gagnon et Hugo A. Dubuque, à l'époque. Réactions au rapport 1881 comme éléments significatifs au notre compréhension de l'identité des immigrants en Nouvelle-Angleterre au 19ième siiècle. Référence à l'œuvre historique de Frances Early et un rapport fédéral subséquent sur le travail et le capital qui traite les travailleurs immigrants canadiens-français.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Baltic CT, Cohoes NY, Connecticut, Dunbarton NH, Fall River MA, Grosvenordale CT, Holyoke MA, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Manville RI, Massachusetts, Merrimack River Valley, Mills and Mill Work, Nashua NH, New England, New Hampshire, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Government and Politics, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Plattsburgh NY, Putnam CT, Québec, Rhode Island, Troy NY, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
The French Fact : Linguistic Challenge, Demographic Reality, Political Distortion
Essay on the realities of bilingualism in Canada, specifically in Québec. Projections for the future of the French language there with respect to human movement, population, and linguistic assimilation to English. Acknowledges the political strength and vocalization of Québec City has impacted ("distorted") actual popular arguments in defense of the French language. -
Cultural Sovereignty, Identity, and North American Integration : On the Relevance of the U.S.-Canada-Quebec Border
Article exploring cultural policies implemented by Canada and Québec governments to both protect and promote cultural industries and indigenous cultural forms. The function of these policies in shaping national identities. The impact of these policies on Canada-U.S. relations. Canadian policy as response to American cultural industries. How international trade through the lens of FTA, NAFTA, and the WTO relate to Canadian cultural industry and identity politics. -
Integrating Québec History into the Curriculum
Article describing several ways to integrate resources in Québec history into American university curricula on the history of the United States and North America. Historiographical summaries of historical periods and subject areas in Québec history, from exploration to the present day, with lists of selected French- and English-language texts as suggestions for students and educators. -
The Oldest and Most Resistant Section of the Border
Article describing the historical and cultural conditions of the North American border between United States and Canada, particularly its shapes between the United States and the province of Québec. The author's argument that the Canada-US border persists precisely because of the distinctiveness of Québec culture and politics. Québec's relationship with the United States in terms of 18th and 19th century political disputes; migration; industrialization; trade; Québec's movement toward sovereignty; cultural affairs; and party politics dynamics in the 20th century. How popular attitudes toward the United States compare between Québecers and other Canadians; how international borders compare to interprovincial borders.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Canada, Emigration and Immigration, Film and Television, Government and Politics, Great Britain, Language and Linguistics, New England, New York, Nonfiction -- Government and Politics, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, North America, Ontario, Québec, United States, Vermont -
Regional Competition for Franco-American Repatriates, 1870-1930
Article describing the logics and methods of Québec repatriation from the United States around the turn of the century. The establishment of the Eastern Townships as a Québec repatriation colony, active solicitation of Franco Americans in the United States, and other efforts of the Québec government to redress a "demographic imbalance" between anglophones and francophones in the region after 1870. Perspectives on repatriation from the standpoint of Québec's various political, cultural, and economic goals; Manitoba and western Canada's goals; as well as from Franco American communities in New England. How French Canadian naturalization in the United States, and French cultural pride in New England, effectively combatted Canadian efforts of repatriation. -
From Habitant to Cultivateur : The Rural Quebecer
How the Québécois farmer of the 1980s - confronted with urbanization and industrialization - compares with the agricultural traditions and longheld assumptions about Québec "habitant" ways of life. Based on a case study of farm business, farming, and farm families from La Visitation, outside of Nicolette, Québec. Frequent comparisons made to Horace Miner's 1939 landmark text, "St. Denis: A French-Canadian Parish." -
Writing an Ethnic Identity between Worlds : Claiming and Maintaining a Franco-American Self
Historical trends, social dynamics, family systems, and psychological traits characteristic of Franco Americans and their communities. Examples from the author's life and family history; relevant psychological research; scholarship in Franco American studies. Observations of the psychosocial implications of the cultural notion of "la survivance," New England Franco Americans' dense communities, and their proximity to Canadian places of ancestry in Québec and Acadia. Includes descriptive content from interviews with several Franco American poets and writers: Beverly Matherne, Darrell Bourque, Jim Bishop, Rhea Côté Robbins, Denise Duhamel, Christine Gelineau, Chad Parenteau, David Surette, and Paul Marion.Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Gender and Sexuality, Irish Americans, Italian Americans, Language and Linguistics, Leominster MA, Literary Works -- Criticism and History, Louisiana, Massachusetts, New Brunswick, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Essay, Nonfiction -- Ethnic Studies, Nonfiction -- Psychology, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Poetry, Québec, Religion, Webster MA, Worcester MA -
Rhode Island's Franco-Americans in Our Pluralistic Society
Brief essay presentation summarizing much of the history of the French presence in Rhode Island. Acknowledges certain Rhode Island events, as well as political and religious figures, beginning with French explorations of North America in the 16th century, and moving into the twentieth century. Composed as a response to what the author calls the "melting pot theory," and as an argument against the author's notion of cultural assimilation. Transcript of a speech given to Le Foyer - a social organization in Pawtucket, Rhode Island - on March 21, 1973.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Central Falls RI, Coventry RI, Cumberland RI, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Government and Politics, Manville RI, Narragansett RI, Newport RI, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Local, Pawtucket RI, Religion, Rhode Island, West Warwick RI, Woonsocket RI -
Latin Americans of the North
Essay exploring the author's personal genealogical quest in Québec. A characterization of the author's French Canadian migrant father in New England and Canada, using many themes and sentiments from Mexican author Juan Rulfo's famous novel, Pedro Páramo. How cultural inheritances straddle national borders and transform upon their crossing; the questions that lead Blaise on a search for his passed father. Written by former Director of the International Writing Program of the Iowa Writers' Workshop. -
Les Francos, ces Américains bien de chez nous
Le douziième chapitre d'un texte historique sur le présence d'héritage français aux États-Unis jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Basé en grande partie sur les voyages des auteurs français aux États-Unis, entretiens et témoignages des états-uniens. Ce chapitre traite des <i>Francos</i> - les Franco-Américains d'héritage canadien-français dans le nord-est des États. Prémiièrement, une discussion historique sur des aspects agricoles et industriels de l'immigration canadienne-française en Nouvelle-Angleterre, et ces vagues de migration marquées par trois guerres américaines: La guerre de Sécession, la Prémiière Guerre mondiale, la Deuxiième Guerre mondiale. Un développement des communautés franco-américaines comme lié à l'autorité de l'Église catholique. L'affaire Flint et le Mouvement Sentinelliste. Deuxiièmement, témoignages des <i>Francos</i> d'aujourd'hui. Des pensées sur l'héritage culturel français - et sa rôle dans la vie quotidienne - dans la Nouvelle-Angleterre. En quelle façon des villes d'héritage franco-américain en Nouvelle-Angleterre ont transformées, et dans le Minnesota. Un accent particulier sur Woonsocket, Rhode Island. Commentaire de: Loriane, Mariette, et Elaine Castonguay; Yvon Labbé; Claire Quintal; Adele St. Pierre; Michael Rainville.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Emigration and Immigration, Fall River MA, Jay ME, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Mills and Mill Work, Minneapolis MN, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Essay, Orono ME, Québec, Religion, St. John River Valley, St. Paul MN, Travel and Movement, War, Woonsocket RI -
The Franco File : Teacher Guide
A teacher's guide to accompany 10 half-hour episodes of the children's television program, "The Franco File," produced by the Eastern Educational Television Network and New Hampshire Public Television. This program, designed to improve the self-esteem of Franco American children, explores contemporary, intergenerational Franco American life in a northeastern mill town. The teacher's guide introduces the program with summaries of each episode and profiles of each character. The guide contains intended learning objectives for each episode, a brief cultural and historical background for each episode's content, and suggested questions and materials for facilitating classroom discussions. Includes summary and guide for the following episodes: I. Songbook II. The Tutor III. It's a Long Story IV. Adieu, Millville! V. Where the Memories Live, Part VI. Where the Memories Live, Part II VII. Face the Music VIII. Les Voyageurs IX. Le Parrain X. The Election -
The Richford Experience : French Bilingual Education as a "Basic" Approach to Language Competence
Article describing the French-English bilingual elementary education program as developed and instituted by the Franklin Northeast Supervisory Union of Franklin County, Vermont. Bilingual education as a response to certain educational and developmental needs of the Franco youth population of northern Vermont; as a means of educating appropriately with state-mandated "basics"; and as a successful example of alternative education for all students. Descriptions of the basic program, course content, teacher training, and parental involvement. Results of program evaluations in the early 1980s, including data from student competency tests. Summaries of student and parent attitudes toward their experiences of bilingual education. -
The Persistance of White Ethnicity in New England Politics
Article presenting data on voting patterns in selected New England towns that indicate, in a general sense, connections between ethnic origin and voting behaviors in the early 21st century. Interpretations of statistical models that indicate the continuing relevance of white ethnic group identification to electoral politics and community formation in New England. Comparison of historical white ethnic groups in the United States to new immigrant populations. Sociological research on assimilation in the United States as related to economic class and political behavior. From the authors: "By examining the persistent effect of white ethnicity on political behavior, we seek to broaden our understanding of ethnic political development and voting. We begin our inspection by discussing the past role and prominence of white ethnicity. We then juxtapose these historic assessments of ethnic persistence and decline with the patterns observable by our empirical analysis of the effect of white ethnicity on presidential politics in over 1500 towns in six New England states."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Connecticut, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Government and Politics, Irish Americans, Italian Americans, Maine, Massachusetts, New England, New Hampshire, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Government and Politics, Polish Americans, Rhode Island, Vermont -
« De votre chière soeur qui ne vous oublie jamais » : A Postal Perspective on French-Canadian Migration in North America
Essay on the function of the personal letter in historiography. How trails of correspondence between French Canadians in Canada and the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries tell us about French Canadian migration: migrants, immigrants, families separated by distance and labor, and the sort of information that was communicated by post. The relationship of letter-writing to French Canadian literacy in that period. Contains analyses of certain private correspondences among French Canadian migrants, their families, and friends - the majority of which exisiting between Québec and New England cities.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Bay City MI, Biddeford ME, Boston MA, Burlington VT, Cambridge MA, Cleveland OH, Cohoes NY, Douglas MA, Emigration and Immigration, Fall River MA, Family, Gardner MA, Haverhill MA, Lewiston ME, Lisbon ME, Louisiana, Manchester NH, Mauchburg MA, New England, New York, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Historiography, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Providence RI, Québec, Rutland VT, Salem MA, Sheldon Springs VT, Skowhegan ME, Southbridge MA, St. Albans VT, St. Paul MN, Suncook NH, Swanton VT, US Midwest, US Southwest, Wisconsin -
French and German : A Comparative Study
Essay presenting data on a study of French, French Canadian, and German immigrants in the United States; French and German language usage therein; and figures corresponding to French and German American language communities. Data on patterns in French and German language instruction in United States schools from the late 19th century to the late 20th. The relationship of the 1968 US Bilingual Education Act to French and German language instruction and usage. Some of the author's predictions for the future of French and German language in the United States. -
American Perspectives on La fiièvre aux États-Unis, 18601930 : A Historiographical Analysis of Recent Writings on the Franco-Americans in New England
Article in Franco American historiography. Analysis and comparison of recent major historical writings on New England Franco Americans and their importance for American and Franco American Studies. Particular emphasis on historiographical perspectives of scholars in the United States, as compared to Canadian scholarship. Trends in Franco American history writing: preoccupation with la survivance; consideration of divisions among Franco American communities; new social history; gender; ethnic revival; post-assimilation. References to particular scholars, scholarly events, methods of scholarship, and pieces of writing. Questions and suggestions for future study. Contains a considerable list of cited works. -
French-Canadian Communities in the Upper Midwest during the Nineteenth Century
Article on French Canadian immigrant and worker communities in the states of Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Illinois in the nineteenth century. How farming, lumbering, and mining communities of this era differed from the fur-trading, French Canadian frontier establishments of the same region in the eighteenth century. Figures on the cultural and linguistic assimilation of French Canadian immigrants in the Upper Midwest US. How economic success or poverty, urbanity or rurality, related to the loss or persistence of the French language and customs in these immigrant communities. Provides maps of the region from the seventeenth through the nineteenth century, with markers for trading posts, area demographics, and migration routes.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Bay City MI, Bourbonnais IL, Chicago IL, Demography, Detroit MI, Emigration and Immigration, Farming and Agriculture, Forestry, Geography, Grand Haven MI, Grand Rapids MI, Illinois, Kankakee County IL, Kansas, Michigan, Midland MI, Mills and Mill Work, Mining, Minneapolis MN, Minnesota, Polk County (Minn.), Québec, Red River Valley, US Midwest, Wisconsin -
Cultural Trigonometry of Franco-American Stereotypes
Using the example of Bath, Maine's Thomas Plant, a successful nineteenth-century French Canadian immigrant entrepreneur, Rodrigue argues for a new interpretation of the Franco-American ethnic experience. The life and work of Plant in New England before the great French Canadian migration of 1870-1920. Research on waterway and roadway connections between the early 19th-century regions of Lower Canada and western Maine, with corresponding references to French Canadian and Yankee migrations. Attempt to initiate "a general re-evaluation of the French experience in North America" (42).Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Augusta ME, Bath ME, Business and Economics, Chaudiere River Valley, Emigration and Immigration, Kennebec River Valley, Lynn MA, Maine, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Ethnic Studies, Québec, Somerset County ME, St. Lawrence River Valley -
Diversity and Franco-American Identity Politics
Article on theories of assimilation and group identity politics in the United States. Franco Americans in Maine as a cultural case study. Outline of ways in which rethinking cultural identity and cultural difference might give new insight into multiculturalism more generally. Brief analysis of six specific aspects of Franco American culture commonly acknowledged - language, class, gender, age, religion, schooling - and citation of examples that complicate their significance for Franco American cultural identity. Reference to the 1992-1993 WBLM "Frenchie" scandal; 1991 Bates College language rule; Le Club Calumet refusal of a woman member in the early 1990s; and certain other events. -
Subtractive Bilingualism: The Case of FrancoAmericans in Maine's St John Valley
Presentation of research on "ethnolinguistic vitality" among French-English bilingual students in the schools of Maine's St. John River Valley. Data supporting the trend there toward "subtractive bilingualism," where the use of one language is preferred at the expense of another. From the author: "The study, carried out in two school districts of the St John Valley in the state of Maine in the Unites States, compares three subgroups of francophones and anglophones on measures of the strength of their network of linguistic contacts in French and English, their communicative and cognitive-academic linguistic proficiency in these languages, their vitality beliefs concerning the francophone and anglophone communities, the strength of their ethnolinguistic identities and their degree of use of French and English in various social domains. The results, which are interpreted within the framework of a macroscopic model of the determinants of additive and subtractive bilingualism, are very conclusive in showing that bilingualism for these Franco-American students is strongly subtractive." -
Worker City, Company Town : Iron and Cotton-Worker Protest in Troy and Cohoes, New York, 1855-1884
A history of the growth of nineteenth-century labor movements in the neighboring industrial cities of Troy and Cohoes, New York, on the banks of the Hudson River. The labor and market conditions, social contexts, and events specific to each city that shed light on distinct origins of labor protest. Cotton, textile, and iron industries, their economic growth, and their immigrant workers in industrial New York. The connection between immigrant ethnicity, immigrant acculturation, or "adaptation," in United States industrial cities, and the occurence of collective worker protest. (3) Contains a substantial bibliography of primary and secondary sources. From the author: "[This book] examines worker adaptation in two industrial capitalist societies maturing between 1855 and 1884, and describes how specific forces and institutions affected the timing, stages, origins, and character of protest therein" (10-11).Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Albany NY, Business and Economics, Cohoes NY, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, English Americans, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, German Americans, Hudson River Valley, Irish Americans, Labor History, Mills and Mill Work, New York, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Scottish Americans, Social History, Troy NY, Violence -
Les Acadiens du Madawaska
Article describing the town of Madawaska, Maine, in the St. John River Valley, through the perspectives of three generations of the Hébert family. Introduction to Acadian history in the St. John Valley, the twentieth-century industrialization of Madawaska, the role of language and tradition in local communities. The relationship of each interviewee - Jeanne, son Réal, grandson Duane - to the French language, and their personal thoughts on Madawaska's changing cultural and linguistic shapes. -
Heritage Lost and Refound : Franco-Americans in Vermont
Feature article on French Canadian and Franco American heritage in Vermont. Early 20th-century discrimination and violence against French Catholics in Vermont. Characterizations of Franco American community life among other Vermont ethnic groups; testimonies of French language loss; recent attempts to revive cultural traditions in daily life. The ways in which certain interviewees find value in their cultural heritage. Includes brief interviews and personal profiles of Vermont journalist, Tena Starr; Roman Catholic Brother Adrian Bouchard; Burlington mayor, Peter Alfred Clavelle; and musician, Martha Pellerin Drury. -
Où est Woonsocket?
Newspaper feature on the changing cultural landscape of Woonsocket, Rhode Island. Comments on the city's once-predominant French Canadian population centered around its Social District. French heritage in Woonsocket as repositioned after WWII by suburban sprawl, new politicians and businessmen, and an appreciation for language and culture that adapted to American processes acculturation. Examples of cultural and linguistic idioms that are uninterpretable to many new Woonsocket residents and young people. The contemporary ways in which people in Woonsocket are working to promote their city's historic offerings. Includes references to the upcoming filming of the Montreal production, "The Mills of Power"("Les tisserands du pouvoir"), to take place in Woonsocket; l'Union Saint-Jean-Baptiste; Representative Rene Lafayette and Mayor Charles Baldelli; and Richelieu International. Featured in an issue of the Providence Sunday Journal Magazine. -
Vermont's Hidden Heritage : French-Canadian Culture Sinking From View
Article on Franco American culture in Vermont: from its perceived "decline" to concerted efforts at its revival in different parts of the state. Suggestions on the potential cultural and political reasons for local assimilation. Particular emphasis on French heritage in the city of Winooski. Comments from University of Vermont professors, André Sénécal and Peter Woolfson; St. Michael's College professor, Anne McConnell; musician, Martha Pellerin Drury; former mayor, Ronald "Pete" Lacourse; and Vermonter, Marc Choiniière; among others. -
The Language of Reconciliation
Article on past prohibitions against French language usage in the schools of northern Maine's St. John River Valley, the lasting impacts of these prohibitions, and recent unique efforts to nurture and strengthen bilingualism in that region. Emphasis on the 1996-1997 program begun in the elementary schools of Madawaska, Maine. How this case is situated in the nationwide conversation on language and culture in US public education, in the context of national advances made in bilingual education in the 1960s and 1970s. Comments from the program's director, and reactions to the program from families in other towns in the St. John Valley. Subtitled, "Once, French-speaking students on the Canadian border were prohibited from speaking French at school. Today, an experiment at two of those schools is trying to bridge the French/English divide." -
Re-Evaluating the Role of "National" Identities in the American Catholic Church at the Turn of the Twentieth Century : The Case of Les Petites Franciscaines De Marie (PFM)
Some perspectives on North American, French Canadian Catholic female religious at the beginning of the 20th century. How studying these nuns in New England adds to an understanding about French Canadian ethnic identity and its real function among New England parishes. Challenges to a specific French Canadian, Franco American ethnoreligious discourse historically dominated by male priests. Case study of les Petites Franciscaines de Marie (PFM), or the Little Franciscans of Mary, whose religious order was established in Worcester, Massachusetts. From the author: "[T]his essay will consider how shifting our focus from male church officials to female religious can alter our understanding of the relationship between religious and ethnic identities" (516). "Did female religious side with male priests in defending their ethnic turf against bishops whom they perceived as hostile and assimilationist? Alternatively, could nuns not have cared less about connections between their religious identity and their ethnic identity? Or did they understand the relationship between the two in some other way completely?" (518) -
The Alliance Française, Empire and America
An essay describing France's Alliance Francaise, an internationally established cultural institution dedicated to promoting the French language and fostering dialogue with, about, and around French culture throughout the world. A history of the Alliance in the United States, with particular emphasis on its early 20th-century iterations, and on both the "colonial" and "republican" qualities its mission once embodied (229, 233). The Alliance's engagement with different Franco American communities, especially those in New England. From the author: "By giving voice to different constituencies within the French diasporic family, and by creating spaces for cultural exchange, the Alliance has helped to define the contours of New World Francophone identities" (abstract). Includes the segments, "French republicanism at work," "The Alliance Francaise and Franco-America," and "The Alliance Francaise and la francophonie." From the author: "The Alliance Française is in many respects an intermediary between French America's past and present" (240).Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Africa, Biddeford ME, Boston MA, Connecticut, Creoles, Demography, Detroit MI, Education, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Fall River MA, France, Great Lakes Region, Hanover NH, Hartford CT, Lafayette IN, Lafayette LA, Lake Champlain VT, Language and Linguistics, Lawrence MA, Lewiston ME, Louisiana, Lowell MA, Lynn MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Orleans LA, New York NY, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Government and Politics, Nonfiction -- History -- Clubs and Societies, Northampton MA, Pawtucket RI, Portland ME, Providence RI, Québec, Religion, Rhode Island, Salem MA, St. Lawrence River Valley, US Midwest, Vermont, War, Waterville ME, Wellesley MA, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Employing the Local : A Penobscot Modern in the Federal Writers' Project
Essay exploring the 1930s Federal Writers' Project interview of Indian Island, Maine, resident and canoe maker, Henry Mitchell, transcribed by Old Town native, Robert Grady. Arguments favoring the particularly modern quality of the dually-authored interview, as compared to outside depictions of Native Americans in the local Maine literatures of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. How early 20th-century Old Town business and local government perpetuated the construction of stereotyped and antiquated Penobscot cultural categories and descriptions - aesthetically, linguistically, or in terms of work and leisure. How the literary output of the Federal Writers' Project played into this sort of identity construction on a more diverse, national scale, and in what ways singular FWP interactions like those between Grady and Mitchell challenged both the national project and the local cultural categories it sometimes reinforced. What the Mitchell/Grady interview owes to the relationship out of which it was born, Grady's other interviews mostly conducted with Franco Americans in Old Town.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Government and Politics, Indian Island ME, Maine, Native Americans, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Old Town ME, Penobscot, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Violence -
La thièse messianique et les Franco-Américains
Un bref essai sur la persistance de la religion, l'ethnocentrisme, et le nationalisme dans l'attitude des dirigeants du Québec (prêtres, les penseurs du public, et autres), comme dirigés vers les émigrants aux États-Unis au 19ième et début du 20ième siiècle. Une caractérisation de l'évolution des attitudes des prêtres catholiques du Québec sur l'émigration et leurs paroissiens migrants - notamment la façon dont l'américanisation a été confondue avec l'apostasie, et plus tard, en quelle façon l'émigration a la Nouvelle-Angleterre a été conçu comme une colonisation, ou mission messianique, francophone des Amériques. Le rôle joué par l'Église catholique au Québec et en Nouvelle-Angleterre, pendant la période d'immigration canadienne-française aux États-Unis. -
Freeing the silenced tongue : Mainers with French-Canadian roots try to revive their banished patois
Brief profile of a Waterville, Maine, group of adults intent on reclaiming the French language that permeated their earlier lives but that - for reasons personal, political, and otherwise historical - was replaced or repressed by communication in English. Includes testimonies of the circumstances surrounding language loss from others in northern Maine's St. John River Valley, as well as from a Maine documentary filmmaker. -
The Franco-Americans : Awareness of French Heritage Declines As Young Assimilate American Culture
Feature article on the cultural changes occurring among former French Canadian immigrant communities, now Franco American descendant ones, in the cities of New Hampshire. How the occurrence of the French language among New Hampshire Franco Americans is much less prevalent in 1986 than it had been in the 1940s and 1950s. Assimilation and French language loss in the context of the New Hampshire Roman Catholic Church. A brief review of historical patterns of immigration from Canada to New Hampshire. A declaration of some new attitudes towards Quebec, France, the French language, and intercultural communication.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Allenstown NH, Berlin NH, Claremont NH, Community: Customs and Social Life, Concord NH, Demography, Dover NH, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Keene NH, Laconia NH, Language and Linguistics, Lebanon NH, Manchester NH, Nashua NH, New Hampshire, Religion, Rochester NH, Somersworth NH, Suncook NH -
Berlin Mirrors State Trend
Brief article outlining the history of the French Canadian and Franco American presence in Berlin, New Hampshire, and the cultural changes the city has undergone from 1890 onward. The rise and fall of the influence of historically French Canadian cultural institutions - parochial school, church, music - in Berlin. -
Along the St. John Valley
Feature article on the towns and people of the St. John River Valley in Aroostook County, Maine. Photos of farm, church, and family, in illustration of the descriptions of rural life along Maine's north and northeastern Canadian border. Interviews with a priest, town manager, and other Valley residents.Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Allagash ME, Dickey ME, English Americans, Farming and Agriculture, Forestry, Fort Kent ME, Frenchville ME, Hamlin ME, Irish Americans, Keegan ME, Language and Linguistics, Lille ME, Madawaska ME, Maine, Notre Dame ME, Scottish Americans, St. David ME, St. Francis ME, St. John ME, St. John River Valley, Van Buren ME -
Ethnicité, pêche et petrole : les Cadjins du bayou Lafourche en Louisiane francophone
Une étude de la relation entre l'industrie, l'économie, et les formes de l'ethnicité en Louisiane. Utilisant le population et des établissements de la village de Golden Meadow comme étude de cas, ce profil socioéconomique interpriète la croissance économique et industrielle en relation avec les concepts d'identité, la culture et l'assimilation dans un milieu rural et majoritairement francophone de la Louisiane. Des changements entre les établissements culturels - linguistiques, communautaires, les entreprises, la famille - qui ont pris effet aux côtés de certaines modernisations technologiques et économiques, en particulier dans la pêche et les industries pétroliières. Monographie numéro un dans une série de trois. ècrit prémiièrement pour une thièse maîtrise à York University, 1980. Du texte: "Le pierre angulaire de notre etude est donc sans contredit, le phenomene de l'industrialisation et de la modernisation d'une petite communaute rurale, mis en parallele avec le phenomene de l'ethnicite" (11).Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Cajuns, Demography, Education, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Farming and Agriculture, Fishing, Forestry, Geography, Golden Meadow LA, Government and Politics, Lafourche Parish LA, Language and Linguistics, Louisiana, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Anthropology, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Petroleum -
Franco-Americans gather for forum : French-speaking participants recall how their language drew ridicule
Article on a French-language forum about cultural heritage and viability in the St. John River Valley, northern Maine. The talk, sponsored by the Maine Humanities Council, was led by advocates for the Acadian and Quebecois heritages prevalent in Frenchville, Fort Kent, Grand Isle, and many other communities throughout northern Aroostook County and the state of Maine. -
A Society Of Two Worlds : Une Société des Deux Mondes
Article subtitled, "French-Canadian Life And Culture In Vermont." A profile of French Canadian and Franco American communities in the state of Vermont, through the eyes of some Vermonters and academics. Large emphasis on the roles of family, religion, and traditional music as perpetuated cultural norms. What generational changes to these things mean to Franco Americans in Vermont. Contains captioned images.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Averill VT, Beebe VT, Burlington VT, Community: Customs and Social Life, Derby Line VT, Emigration and Immigration, Essex Junction VT, Family, Farming and Agriculture, Isle LaMotte VT, Lakeside VT, Mills and Mill Work, Music, Newport VT, North Troy VT, Northeast Kingdom VT, Norton VT, Québec, Religion, Rutland VT, South Burlington VT, Vermont, Winooski VT, Youth -
La Survivance
Article subtitled, "Families of French-Canadian descent once regarded French Catholicism and the French language as inseparable keys to their ethnic survival." An overview of the history and culture of Franco Americans in New England, beginning with the earliest French presence in 17th century North America. How work, religion, and language, historically important to many Franco American New England communities, have changed shapes among other arguably more persistent cultural symbols. Franco American culture as it is seen in the 1980s.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Burlington VT, Community: Customs and Social Life, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Farming and Agriculture, Holyoke MA, Journalism, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Madawaska ME, Manchester NH, Mills and Mill Work, Social History, St. John River Valley, Woonsocket RI -
For Franco-Americans, it's now or never
Subtitled, "French in New England fear their language and culture risk being lost forever unless something is done soon." An article presenting the Franco Americans in Vermont as a people at risk of cultural and linguistic assimilation. Focuses on the worries of a generation of native French speakers and direct descendents of French Canadian American immigrants over threats to their linguistic relevance, unwelcome challenges posed to the cultural currency they pass on to their own descendents, and the historical context that orientates their concerns. Includes commentary from many Vermonters, and relates their difference of opinion as to the role the French language should play in the lives of Franco Americans. Thoughts on the relevance of these concerns to the current (1980s) political movements in Quebec. -
The French in Rhode Island : Historical Overview
A brief history, unpublished, of the French presence in the Rhode Island area - from France's exploration in the 16th century, to the Huguenot communities of the 17th century, French soldiers of the late 18th in the American Revolution, and the French Canadian immigrants of the most recent two hundred years. The continuing Franco American presence in Rhode Island, the cities in which French heritage is vibrant, and the institutions that have sustained certain elements of French culture. Profiles of certain prominent Rhode Islanders.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Albion RI, Arctic RI, Art and Architecture, Ashton RI, Business and Economics, Central Falls RI, Community: Customs and Social Life, East Greenwich RI, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Frenchtown RI, Government and Politics, Lippitsville RI, Manville RI, Natick RI, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Local, Pawtucket RI, Phenix RI, Providence RI, Religion, Rhode Island, Slatersville RI, Violence, War, Warren RI, West Warwick RI, Woonsocket RI -
Ils se souviennent, They remember : The quiet presence of New England's Franco-Americans
Article describing modern impressions of Franco American culture in New England, including recent and diverse efforts undertaken to preserve certain of its aspects - language, food, music, and others. Presents descriptions of how Franco American assimilation, and Franco Americans' attitude toward it, are sometimes understood.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Amherst MA, Barrington NH, Community: Customs and Social Life, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Food, Genealogy, Irish Americans, Italian Americans, Language and Linguistics, Leominster MA, Lowell MA, Manchester NH, Massachusetts, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Orono ME, Religion, Webster MA, Woonsocket RI -
Maine's Corporation Sole Controversy
Study of a brief period in the history of the Roman Catholic Church in the state of Maine at the beginning of the twentieth century. A political portrait of the "Corporation Sole" controversy - a drawn-out public dispute between the bishop of the Diocese and Portland and a number of Franco American parishioners seeking authority over the management of certain Maine national parishes. Named the 1972 Maine Historical Society Prize Essay, and printed in the 1973 MHS newsletter.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Biddeford ME, Brunswick ME, Business and Economics, Education, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Government and Politics, Irish Americans, Journalism, Maine, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Religion, Québec, Religion, Sanford ME, Slovak Americans, Violence, Waterville ME -
False Accents : Embodied Dialects and the Characterization of Ethnicity and Nationality
Exploration of how the dramatic use of accents and dialects in English speech informs and complicates discourse on race and ethnicity. How the function of identity in drama and performance distinguishes between the concepts of race and ethnicity. Some observations on recent contributions to the study of accents and dialects as elements of the fields of both linguistics and performance studies. The relationship of "theatre practices" to "social realities" as evidenced in the performance of a wide-ranging variety of English dialects.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, African Americans, Arab Americans, Asian Americans, Chinese Americans, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Filipino Americans, Hispanic Americans, Irish Americans, Italian Americans, Japanese Americans, Korean Americans, Language and Linguistics, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Performing Arts -
A Cultural Frontier : Ethnicity and the Marketplace in Charlotte, Vermont, 1845-1860
A brief socioeconomic history of the town of Charlotte, Vermont, from its inception to the beginning of the Civil War. Charlotte as "cultural frontier," or borderland geographic space of interaction of varying peoples. How the 19th-century American market operated in this frontier - among settlers, French Canadian migrants, and Irish immigrants. Charlotte's early town planning, land distribution, and the relationship between ethnicity, profession, and economic class. The socioeconomic successes and failures of Irish and French Canadian immigrants in Charlotte. Calls for new ways of thinking about cultural and geographic borderlands like Charlotte - that we might learn more from its diverse popular interactions. Included in a collection of essays on the development of business and culture in the United States during the first decades after the American Revolution.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Burlington VT, Business and Economics, Charlotte VT, Duchess County NY, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Farming and Agriculture, Irish Americans, Lake Champlain VT, Monkton VT, New Haven VT, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, Vermont -
Young People's Assimilation of a Collective Historical Memory : A Case Study of Quebeckers of French-Canadian Heritage
Essay on representations of Québec history among youth. Remembrances, reconstructions, and creations of a collective past among French Canada's student-aged population as influenced by educational settings and social environments. Persistence of certain historical memories - events, ideas, attitudes - despite conditions or evidence that pose challenges to their value. -
The darker side of 'melting pot'
Review of "What Became of Them and Other Stories from Franco-America" (1988), a book of short stories from Lisbon Falls, Maine, writer, Denis Ledoux. -
La langue française : mourant à Augusta? (The French language : Dying in Augusta?)
Focus article on the linguistic changes evident among French speakers and Franco Americans in the communities of Augusta, Maine. Comments on language frequency within families and schools, as well as differences in French fluency among children and adults. Contains quotes from many Augusta residents. Written in the wake of a minor controversy over the elimination - then return - of a French-language Canadian television channel provided by the Augusta area cable network. -
Chez les Patenaudes, l'héritage vit encore
Article on Augusta, Maine's Patenaude's Superette, a family-run market serving people in the northern part of the city for nearly a century. A brief history of the store - its owners, their family, and the services and products offered its largely Franco-American clientele. The market atmosphere as a barometer of cultural and linguistic change within the community, seen profiled here by then third-generation owner, Tom Patenaude. -
Some Repatriement Dilemmas
Article on the idea of repatriation as integral to the history of French Canadian community building in the United States. Certain struggles and losses accompanying Canadian repatriation from the United States in the late 19th century, after extended periods of American settlement. Examples of repatriation as considered in two different contexts: New England and the US Midwest. In Worcester, Massachusetts, journalist Ferdinand Gagnon functioning in the French Canadian press as an agent of repatration for Quebec government in 1875; the eventual shift in his political position, a rearticulation of his understandings of cultural allegiance, and his eventual American naturalization. In Michigan, Telesphore St-Pierre as journalist advocate for la survivance during a period of growth of French community and society there. The difficulties of appealing to Canadian repatriation after extended settlement. St-Pierre's eventual appeal for American nationalism and Catholic loyalty as means of retaining heritage. Transformations in the Franco American concept of "la survivance."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Bay City MI, Boston MA, Cohoes NY, Community: Customs and Social Life, Concord NH, Detroit MI, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Great Lakes Region, Journalism, Lake Linden MI, Michigan, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Québec, Religion, Sault Sainte Marie MI, St. Ignace MI, United States, Worcester MA -
Acquiring a Slice of Anglo-American Pie : A Portrait of Language Shift in a Franco-American Family
Third chapter in a collection of essays on language ideology as related to issues surrounding the political movement in favor of codifying English the official language of the United States. This essay presents a case-study in the processes and progression of language shift in the home - from French to bilingual to English - as taking place within a large family in a rural Vermont community. Certain impacts of rurality/urbanity, educational institutions, socialization norms, world events involving the United States (eg., wars), and age on the processes of linguistic assimilation. Differences in language abilities, as well as differences of opinions on language usage and legislation, as seen between younger and older siblings. Contains a brief overview of French Canadian immigration to New England.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Connecticut, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Farming and Agriculture, Government and Politics, Language and Linguistics, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Northeast Kingdom VT, Vermont -
Le français se meurt au Vermont
Sur la présence franco-américaine au Vermont - son histoire, ses changements linguistiques, et la grande possibilité de sa disparition. Commentaires sur la discrimination raciale et linguistique, aussi que l'éducation et la télévision, comme prenant part au processus de l'assimilation des communautés franco-américaine dans cet état.
Le titre complet est ainsi libellé: "Apriès des années de relations tourmentées avec la culture québécoise, la communauté franco-américaine fait face à l'extinction." -
Quebec in the United States : A Historiographical Survey
Historiographical analysis of writings on Franco Americans and an attempt to explain the different circumstances of these writings' publication. Observations on literature concerning the period of French Canadian migration to the United States between 1840 and 1930, and the development of Franco American communities. 1945 as a turning point for scholarly concern in this subject area among historians. Explanation of major, periodic themes in Franco American literature and the concerns from which these themes sprung. The transformation of the notion of "la survivance" over time, and the development of Franco American attitudes toward assimilation in the United States. Contains descriptions of many writings and their authors. Suggestions for the future of Franco American studies.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Biddeford ME, Danielson CT, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, German Americans, Holyoke MA, Irish Americans, Italian Americans, Jewish Americans, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Historiography, North Brookfield MA, Polish Americans, Portland ME, Québec, Religion, Scandinavian Americans, Suncook NH, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
The Franco-Americans of Maine : A Historiographical Essay
Brief essay characterizing the historical writings on Franco Americans in Maine, the evolution of the historical scope of these writings, and the transformation of their concerns from the end of the nineteenth century to the present. A call for new scholarship and innovation in historical approach. Concludes with a selective bibliography of works on Franco Americans in Maine. Written by former University of Maine professor of history. -
La politique dans le Rhode Island
Sur Aram J. Pothier, candidat républicain au poste de gouverneur du Rhode Island, comme il a été décrit par New England Magazine. Un dirigeant local - culturellement, politiquement, économiquement. Aussi quelques mots sur l'homme comme écrit dans La Revue des Deux-Frances. Comment bien qu'il est «américain» en donnant aux discours à la Providence, Boston et Biddeford, Maine. Un argument en faveur de son élection, en dépit de sa naissance canadienne, et aussi des mots à l'appui de l'égalité politique générale pour les immigrants aux États-Unis. -
Les Franco-Américains - Le retour aux sources
Un aperçu général d'une histoire des Canadiens français aux États-Unis - les Franco-Américains - et les changements qui ont eu lieu dans leurs communautés au fil du temps. De leurs débuts migratoires, à la fin de leurs enclaves ethniques, à leur renouvellement moderne dans la recherche généalogique et d'histoire personelle.
Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Bourbonnais IL, Burlington VT, Central Falls RI, Community: Customs and Social Life, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Farming and Agriculture, Illinois, Labor History, Lewiston ME, Louisiana, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Marlboro MA, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Bedford MA, New England, New Hampshire, Old Orchard Beach ME, Québec, Rhode Island, Rochester NY, St. Albans VT, United States, US Midwest, Vermont, Wisconsin, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
A New France in New England
Some comments from an American critic at the time of a visible wave of French Canadian immigration to the United States - especially New England - in the 1880s. Provides a favorable social and political context from the French Canada of this period. Attempts social, linguistic, and political description of both French Canadian immigrant professionals and members of the working class. Discusses immigrant attitudes toward assimilation, their reasoning and their feasibility. Thoughts on the future growth of the French Canadian population in New England. -
New England's Franco-Americans : Vive la difference?
Article on the plight of Franco American cultural activists in New England. The variety of the troubles confronting them, and their energy in relation to the seeming decline of the historically supportive Franco cultural establishments as seen in churches, schools, and large families. Contains an historical overview, demographic figures from the 1970 US census, and the considerations of Francos in the public sphere across New England. Tagline below the article title reads, "Some say the fight to preserve French identity in New England is being lost without a struggle. But that's only one side of the story..." Article featured in the United States bicentennial issue of Yankee magazine.Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Biddeford ME, Burlington VT, Connecticut, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Government and Politics, Greenville NH, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Manville RI, Massachusetts, New England, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, South Fitchburg MA, Vermont, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Bishop Celebrates One of Final Masses at Saint André, Biddeford
Brief article on a Roman Catholic mass celebrated by Bishop of the Diocese of Portland, Maine, Richard Malone, at St. André Church, Biddeford, Maine. This ceremony was held, in tribute to the parish, two months before the occasion of the church's closing on December 31, 2010. St. André Church was opened in 1910. -
Questions actuelles : L'Assimilation dans la Nouvelle Angleterre
Certains critiques de l'avis de M. l'abbé Magnan sur les concepts d'assimilation et le nationalisme ù ils concernent les catholiques franco-américaines dans une langue minoritaire. Arguments de Magnan en faveur de la préservation de la diversité du catholicisme américain, tout en conservant les "traditions ancestrales" (245) de diverses communautés catholiques d'une maniière qui empêche les hostilités intergroupes. Des questions de l'auteur de ces réclamations. Son témoignage d'une dérogation de l'Eglise américaine envers les organisations franco-américaines, et ses lamentations des luttes persistantes de catholiques francophones en Nouvelle-Angleterre. -
L'amour de la culture française
Article in recognition of Burlington, Vermont's 2011 French Friendship Day - a gathering together of local and international francophiles and francophones to celebrate the presence of French Canadian and Franco American culture in Vermont. Contains an historical overview of French Canadian emigrant community in Burlington and its environs. Mentions a number of activities and items historically common to French Canadian and Franco American life, as well as historical instances of persecution against Franco Americans in Vermont, and contemporary efforts - like the French Friendship Day - to maintain and share Franco culture.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Barre VT, Burlington VT, Colchester VT, Community: Customs and Social Life, Death and Disaster, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Food, France, Government and Politics, Language and Linguistics, Leicester VT, Montpelier VT, Music, Québec, Religion, Rutland VT, St. Albans VT, Stonecutting, Vergennes VT, Vermont, West Rutland VT, Winooski VT -
Assimilation in American Life : The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins
1960s study of social life in the United States with regard to ethnic and religious characteristics and their significance to processes of assimilation. Social group observation as a means of understanding cultural conflicts based on incommensurate "value-assumptions," and as a foundation to eliminating many sources of inter-group prejudice (16). Contains information acquired from interviews with officials from numerous American organizations concerned with intercultural relations. General sociological introduction to group structures, stages of assimilation and its subprocesses, and theories for occurrences of these in the United States. The American formation and presence of the "ethclass" - "[the characteristic sub-societal unit] based on race, religion, and, to a declining extent, national origin, criss-crossed by social class stratification..." (160). Sections devoted to African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and intellectuals as functioning American "subsocietal" structures. Hypotheses and suggestions for the future of cultural and structural pluralism in the twentieth-century United States.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, African Americans, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, German Americans, Irish Americans, Italian Americans, Jewish Americans, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Ethnic Studies, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Nonfiction -- Sociology, Religion, United States -
Can this heritage be saved?
Feature article on the present (1977) cultural situation of Franco Americans in Maine. Discussion of their minority demographics, as well as local, academic, and federal intiatives to bolster bilingual educational support, community solidarity, and public recognition. Looks specifically to the Acadians of the St. John Valley and the Francos of the lower half of the state, especially in Lewiston, and the differences between their communities and histories. Written in light of pending federal legislation to recognize Franco-Americans as an official and distinct minority group, thereby making available more federal money for culturally relevant programs. -
Sports and Franco-Americans in Woonsocket, 1870-1930
The place of sport in the Franco American communities of Woonsocket, Rhode Island, around the beginning of the twentieth century. The complex identification of sport with both a means of French Canadian cultural preservation and a site of American acculturation. The early lives of organized sports in Woonsocket French Canadian immigrant communities, sport preference, and sport popularity around the turn of the century. Some profiles of significant Franco American athletes. Largely focused on baseball, hockey, and weightlifting. -
Class dramatizes the Franco-Mainer experience
Bowdoin College senior seminar in the French language culminates in a documentary film and a theatrical piece. Students used information learned through over 60 hours of interviews with local Francos. -
The French Canadians
1889 article on the French-Canadian immigration phenomenon in the United States and the need for rapid Americanization. Author argues that French Canadians do not appear to be assimilating as well as they should. Article refers to the political and economic positions that together must be taken to facilitate the safest growth of an immigrant America while, at the same time, preventing the persecution of the newcomers. -
The French of New England Are Getting Nearly Speechless
From a separate article written by Robert C. Carroll: "A recent New York Times article, written by a Franco-American reporter, E. J. Dionne, Jr., cites uncontestable opinion as well as social research testifying to the obvious decline in the use of French outside the home in New England. While the young people may have lost or may never have acquired French as a household language, many still understand it; and growing numbers, acknowledging it as a cultural tool, want it back. Dionne does not explain in his article, however, that the loss of spoken French is not only the sign of assimilation but more precisely the result of the relatively recent assimilation induced by the decline of the parochial school system that gave instruction in the language of the home." -
The Quaint Canadians of New England Towns; Among the Young Girls Fine Dress Is a Mania. All Their Lives the Women Work Hard, but the Native Tongue and Religion Are Not Allowed to be Forgotten.
Descriptive, ethnographic New York Times feature article on "French-Canadian women" from youth to old age in New England. The author considers the Franco-American working woman a peculiarly American character, and the French-Canadian American mother an inevitable barrier to assimilation. -
French Canadians in New England
1901 supplementary article on French-Canadian communities in New England. According to author, these communities - unlike other immigrants to the United States around the turn of the century - appear to resist cultural assimilation by the insular nature of their make-up.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Labor History, Lawrence MA, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Merrimack River Valley, Michigan, Mills and Mill Work, Nashua NH, New England, New York, North Dakota, Québec -
French-Canadians Strong in Numbers; Total Nearly One-Seventh of Population of New England States. Dominant in Some Cities; Eager to Keep Their Language, School and Church--A Valuable Labor Class
Brief editorial on the growth of the French-Canadian/Franco-American population in the United States relative to other cultural groups. Considers the dilemma of the French-Canadians' resistance to full assimilation alongside their healthy contribution to the American labor force. -
Débuts de la colonie franco-américaine de Woonsocket, Rhode Island
Un portrait riche et approfondie de la naissance d'un des plus grandes communautés franco-américaines du Rhode Island. Présenté en trois parties: "Histoire de l'ancien Woonsocket et de ses environs," "L'émigration des Canadiens français aux Etats-Unis en général et à Woonsocket, R.I., en particulier," et "Les Franco-Américains et le Woonsocket contemporain." Illustré avec des photos en noir et blanc, et aussi avec quelques arbres généalogiques de familles franco-américaines à Woonsocket.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Blackstone River Valley, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Genealogy, Government and Politics, Journalism, Manville RI, Mills and Mill Work, Native Americans, New England, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Religion, Rhode Island, Smithfield RI, Social History, War, Woonsocket RI -
French Canadians In New-England
Brief article taken from the Boston Commercial Bulletin that cites Boston French Canadians being granted a hearing to protest against the Bureau of Statistics labeling them the "Chinese of the East." -
Franco-America's Growing Pains: The Shadows of the Trees. By Jacques Ducharme. 258 pp. New York: Harper & Brothers. $2.50.
A review of the exploratory book-length essay entitled "The Shadows of the Trees," by Jacques Ducharme, on the Franco-American experience in the United States. Ducharme attempts to explore the most prominent aspects of French-Canadian emigrant culture brought into question by life outside of Canada. -
The French Canadians in New-England
Another editorial on French-Canadian populations in the United States, their common patterns of community congregation, and what to the author seems to be a resistance to assimilation. From the text: "It is next to impossible to penetrate this mass of protected and secluded humanity with modern ideas or to induce them to interest themselves in democratic institutions and methods of government....Where they halt they stay, and where they stay they multiply and cover the earth." -
French Canadians Object
1890 article on one Fall River, Massachusetts, social organization's response to the Catholic Centennial Congress's outright rejection of the existence of national societies. -
Le français en contact avec l'anglais : analyse des anglicismes dans le français parlé à Cohoes, New York
Un étude sur la présence de mots anglais dans le parole français d'un communauté franco-américain dans l'état de New York. Des données et chiffres qui correspondent aux tendances linguistiques dans ce communauté. L'influence de la langue anglaise sur un peuple américain qui a le français pour langue maternelle. -
French-Canadian of To-Day
1900 letter to the New York Times refuting pejorative descriptions leveled on "the French-Canadian of to-day" by a New York Times editorialist who had only spent a short time in Canada. The letter covers the editorialist's attitude toward French-Canadian "superstition," "accent," and "uncleanliness," and remarks on his oversight of the strength of French-Canadian communities in the United States. -
The Rise and Fall of the Ethnics
1974 article claiming the impending disappearance of ethnic enclaves in the United States. An attempt to distinguish between "race" and "ethnicity," and to mark assimilation's varying attachment to either. The Americanization of linguistically and culturally diverse communities, and the impact of this process on the shape and face of the dominant American culture. -
AGAINST ALL ODDS: LIFE ON THE HILL: St. Augustine Church - the spiritual, social center
Part 2 of 4 of the October, 1991, series entitled, "Against all odds: Life on the 'Hill'" - a close look into Augusta, Maine's Sand Hill (Sandhill) neighborhood. Part 2 focuses on St. Augustine Roman Catholic Church, the unifying center for many in the parish spread up and across this part of north Augusta. -
AGAINST ALL ODDS: LIFE ON THE HILL: St. Augustine School changes with the times
Part 3 of 4 of the October, 1991, series entitled, "Against all odds: Life on the 'Hill'" - a close look into Augusta, Maine's Sand Hill (Sandhill) neighborhood. Part 3 is a brief look into St. Augustine School, the educational foundation - alongside Sylvio J. Gilbert Public School - for Hill residents. St. Augustine School opened in 1888 and closed in 2008, to be merged with St. Mary's School into a single Augusta Catholic Diocesan school - St. Michael. -
AGAINST ALL ODDS: LIFE ON THE HILL: Places that provided common heritage gone or declining
Part 4 of 4 of the October, 1991, series entitled, "Against all odds: Life on the 'Hill'" - a close look into Augusta, Maine's Sand Hill (Sandhill) neighborhood. Part 4 includes two pieces: one acknowledging the vast changes that have taken place in the community since the early 20th century, the other acknowledging the still present voice of Le Club Calumet, a Franco-American social club, that has undergone its own sort of struggle. -
The 'Flint Affair' : French-Canadian Struggle for 'Survivance'
Article on the 1880s Fall River, Massachusetts, dispute between French Canadian immigrant Catholics, Irish American parishioners, and a largely Irish American clergy, commonly known as the "Flint Affair." The prolonged and destructive debate over French Canadian immigrant community preference for a priest of both their heritage and language to service a national parish. The various community crises instigated by both nationalistic parishioners and their resistant bishopric. "Flint village" of the Fall River Flint mills as an example of the communities and parishes borne out of turn-of-the-century emigration to the United States. Ethnic division as a symptom of linguistic barriers in church, disputes concerning the organization of labor, and passions both in favor of and against "la survivance."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Community: Customs and Social Life, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Irish Americans, Massachusetts, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Religion, Providence RI, Quequechan River Valley, Religion, Rhode Island, Violence -
Bilingual Education : A Program in New England
Some thoughts on the special features and concerns of "bilingual education" as one of many sorts of language education methods, and with a certain set of goals for an individual's growth. The particular state of the French language relative to the Franco American's use of it, the contexts for its usage, and the successes that might be achieved from its usage in a bilingual education setting. Featured in a collection of papers from a 1974 Indiana University conference on the francophones of the Americas. Complete title of the text includes the following: "Actes ducolloque tenu aè l'Université d'Indiana, Bloomington, du 28 au 30 mars 1974." -
Le rôle des universités américaines dans la diffusion de la culture francophone en Amérique du Nord
Des pensées sur les défis culturelles, politiques, et scolaires auxquels sont confrontés les études québécoises et les études franco-américaines dans les universités américaines. L'état actuel des cultures francophones comme des sujets universitaires aux Etats-Unis, et certains réflexions pour l'avenir de ce sujet et de la culture qu'il tente de communiquer.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Albany NY, Burlington VT, Canada, Community: Customs and Social Life, Education, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fiction and Literature, Government and Politics, Language and Linguistics, Massachusetts, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Education, Orono ME, Québec, United States, Worcester MA -
One Nation Divisible : Class, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States Since 1938
A history of the United States between 1938 and 1978 that explores the categories and convergences of class, race, and ethnicity. Measures how these three categories factored into World War II, the Cold War, and the Vietnam War. Begins with the veritable end of the large immigration period in America, moves through the political climate of the 1960s, and concludes with the impacts of American suburbanization, the blurring of categorical boundaries of class and ethnicity, and the strange persistence of class, ethnic, and racial differences amidst the continual shaping of what it means to be a citizen of the United States.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, African Americans, Asian Americans, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, German Americans, Government and Politics, Irish Americans, Jewish Americans, Mexican Americans, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Norwegian Americans, Polish Americans, Portuguese Americans, Social History, United States, Violence, War -
Oral and Nasal Vowel Diphthongization of a New England French Dialect
The study of a linguistic tendency of Franco American French speakers in Manchester, New Hampshire. Comparisons between a local French dialect and what the author terms "Standard French." Calling for an awareness of unique local speech patterns. Contains appendices of the study's informant data, words examined, local pronunciations, and sound comparisons. Also includes nearly 50 diagrams of linguistic phenomena, as well as shadow images - "spectograms" - produced from words pronounced in the local dialect. Republication of Poulin's 1972 thesis of the same title (Ph.D., New York University, School of Education). -
The Paradox of Ethnicity in the United States : The French-Canadian Experience in Worcester, 1870-1914
Brief essay that examines the focus terms "ethnicity" and "assimilation" through a case study of the Franco American population of Worcester, Massachusetts, before 1914. McClymer tells how the French Canadian immigrant ethnic group negotiated the persistence of elements of its culture amid trends and forces of Americanization. Study is largely comprised of commentary on the statements of Massachusetts Commissioner of Statistics of Labor, Carroll D. Wright. From the author: "I will argue that there was a symbiotic relationship between ethnicity and assimilation for white immigrants to the United States in the decades between the Civil War and World War I. It is this symbiosis, between social processes usually considered to be contraries, that defines the 'paradox' of ethnicity in the United States" (16). Featured in a collection of essays on American immigration and ethnicity. -
No longer silent minority
Guest article written by Franco-American performer, Jean-Paul Poulain, on the need to preserve Le Club Calumet as a private organization. This piece comes amidst the controversy surrounding a county court ruling that the Augusta, Maine, Club was unlawfully discriminatory towards women. -
An Open Letter to Whom It May Concern: A Rebuttal to Calumet Club Superior Court's Judgment
A lengthy open letter concerning the potential effects of Kennebec County Superior Court's ruling against Le Club Calumet, charging it to begin admitting women into the membership ranks of its historically all-male establishment in Augusta, Maine. The letter's primary concern is the court's designation of the Club as a "public accommodation," not a private one, that might potentially be forced to admit any person without regard for ethnicity. -
Calumet hurt its own
Letter to the editor opposed to the Maine Supreme Court's decision in favor of Le Club Calumet barring women from membership in its Augusta, Maine, organization. -
An Ethnic Survey of Woonsocket, Rhode Island
A case study and scientific report on ethnic make-up in Woonsocket, Rhode Island around 1930. Demographic figures on school populations, families, and communities in Woonsocket with regard to ethnicity and culture, compiled from survey data. Takes into account immigrant residents' geographic region of origin. Lacks information from Woonsocket Catholic schools because of the concurrence of what we now know as the "Sentinelle Affair" - a drawn-out dispute between laypersons and Church hierarchy over the preservation of national parishes. Some statistics on language usage. From the author: "In general, the survey of Woonsocket seeks to describe the public-school population in terms of geographic origin, ethnic ancestry, ethnic fusion, and the degree of Americanism" (9). Submitted as Ph.D. thesis at Columbia University, 1935. Republished in 1970 by Arno Press. -
The Social Consequences of Writing Louisiana French
The status of French language in Louisiana over time - diversity, amalgamation, decay, revival, and current modes of expression. How the written French word in the context of Louisiana French language revival has taken on special political and social meaning. The written word as a sight for examining the connections between "social and linguistic change" in Louisiana. From the author: "Studies on language shift often refer to the demise of the ousted variety by detailing various stages of language decay and extinction. Problematic for these accounts are well-documented cases of intervening social phenomena, such as language revival movements, which can alter in some way the stages of decline. French Louisiana's situation illustrates language shift interacting with a strong revival movement. In the wake of the revival and in spite of continued shift, another trend is apparent -- the writing of Louisiana French. Whereas shift clearly represents a stage of language decline, the creation of a written code functions as a key ingredient for language maintenance. A sociolinguistic analysis of these forces reveals the complexity and the conflict involved in the choice of the written word." -
From "Acadien" to "Cajun" to "Cadien" : Ethnic Labelization and Construction of Identity
An essay on the origins and historical transformation of the term "Cajun" in the context of French Louisiana. An historical etymology of "Cajun" and an analysis of its usage from its 17th century iterations to those of the present day. An attempt at framing the historical context for a definition of Cajun ethnicity. The linguistic development and social impact of an ethnic label. -
Taftville, Connecticut and the Industrial Revolution
A 125-year history of a Connecticut town fundamentally shaped by the New England textile industry. French Canadian community surrounding the Ponemah Cotton Mills on the Shetucket River in Taftville, Connecticut. Images of the mill and its workers, Taftville Catholic churches, schools, businesses, and residents in the early and middle twentieth century. A directory of 1941 Taftville streets and residents. The birth and transformation of French Canadian and Franco American culture in Taftville. From the author: "This is a documentation of the lives and lifestyles of the French-Canadians who migrated to New England during the Industrial Revolution in the middle 1880s."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Art and Architecture, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Jewett City CT, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, Nonfiction -- History -- Local, Occum CT, Putnam CT, Religion, Shetucket River Valley, Sports and Leisure, Taftville CT -
Franco-Americans in the Civil War Era, 1861-1865
French Canadians and Franco Americans in the context of the American Civil War. Includes enlistment figures in relation to immigration, as well as population figures around 1860. Considers the short history surrounding the complicated reality of new immigrants fighting in a war for their new country. From the preface: "This booklet was written in an effort to better acquaint Franco-Americans with their outstanding contribution to American life. Indeed, it is partly up to Canadian historians to reveal this heritage to French Canada's often neglected and overlooked diaspora. For too long, Franco-Americans have remained the 'forgotten Americans.' This study seeks to help remedy this unfortunate oversight. 'Franco-Americans in the Civil War Era' is the first booklet in a bilingual series called 'Études sur l'histoire des relations canado-américaines/Studies in the History of Canadian-American Relations' that explores various aspects of the historical relationship between Canada and the United States. The series' goal is to provide the reader with a more holistic understanding of Canadian and American history." -
The Cajuns : Americanization of a People
A history of twentieth-century Southern Louisiana by way of an exploration of the processes of assimilation experienced its people of French and Acadian heritage. Descripions of the transformations of Louisiana Cajuns and Cajun culture, as well as reactions to these transformations. Chapters devoted to the World War II era, Cold War era,1960s, ethnic revivals in the 1970s, and the cultural productions of the 1980s and 1990s. From University Press of Mississippi: "The past sixty years have shaped and reshaped the group of French-speaking Louisiana people known as the Cajuns. During this period they have become much like other Americans and yet have remained strikingly distinct. 'The Cajuns: Americanization of a People' explores these six decades and analyzes the forces that had an impact on Louisiana's Acadiana."Tags Abbeville LA, Acadiana LA, Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Art and Architecture, Ascension Parish LA, Baton Rouge LA, Calcasieu Parish LA, Canada, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, France, Government and Politics, Lafayette Parish LA, Lake Charles LA, Language and Linguistics, Louisiana, Music, New Orleans LA, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Ethnic Studies, Nova Scotia, Pointe Coupée Parish LA, Religion, St. Landry Parish LA, St. Martin Parish LA, St. Martinville LA, Vermilion Parish LA, Ville Platte LA -
Rudy Vallée : Franco-American and Man from Maine
Biographical sketch of Hubert Prior Vallée - a.k.a., Rudy Vallée - from a young man in Westbrook and Orono, Maine, to the iconic Hollywood crooner of American film and radio, consistently true to the origins to which he ultimately returned. Also includes a history of the University of Maine "Stein Song," the popularity of which can be attributed in part to Vallée. -
Into the Heart of Maine : A Look at Dexter's Franco-American Community
The history of French Canadian immigration and Franco American community building in the town of Dexter, Maine. Illustrated with photos and quotes from oral interviews. From the text: "The study of French-Canadian immigration is generally centered around New England's larger cities; small towns receiving migrants are usually overlooked. This article examines the French-Canadian population in one such rural town. Dexter, Maine, serves as a microcosm of larger 'petits canadas' throughout New England, but it also projects a different type of ethnic experience. Dorothy A. Blanchard discusses the rewards and the hardships of the Franco experence in rural Maine."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Dexter ME, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Farming and Agriculture, Gender and Sexuality, Irish Americans, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Maine, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Local, Québec, Religion, Sebasticook River Valley, Sports and Leisure, Violence -
Can two languages survive in Québec?
Article on the concurrent usages of French and English in 1970s Québec, and opinions as to the future of the province of Québec's language landscape. Special to the CSM written by Lisbon, Maine, author, Denis Ledoux. -
Parlez-vous Canadien?
Article on the comparisons made between French language varieties in Canada, France, and elsewhere in the Francophone world. -
American, United Statian, USAmerican, or Gringo?
One of two articles in the "From the Culture of Borders to Border Cultures" issue of AmeriQuests journal. From AmeriQuests: "The text discusses the use of the word 'American' when referring to people from, or citizens of, the United States of America. The fact that the citizens of the United States call themselves 'Americans' causes discomfort for many Latin Americans, who see the appropriation of the collective identity of all peoples and countries of the Western Hemisphere as a clear act of cultural imperialism. The article discusses the historic origins and the consolidation of the use of 'American' in this restricted sense." -
Franco-American Women Awakening a Silenced Culture
E-news article on women reviving Franco culture in Maine. -
The First Franco-Americans : New England Life Histories from the Federal Writers' Project, 1938-1939
Selective reprinting of Franco American oral interviews from the late 1930s' Federal Writers' Project. Brief historical introductions to Manchester NH, Old Town ME, Woonsocket RI, and Barre VT, followed by the interviews with workers that took place in those cities. Rare voices from Franco American communities of this time period, in the aftermath of the Great Depression. A publication in the social and oral history traditions of Ann Banks's "First-Person America" and Studs Terkel's "Hard Work."Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Alcohol and Drugs, Barre VT, Community: Customs and Social Life, Death and Disaster, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Folklore, Forestry, Gender and Sexuality, Government and Politics, Illness, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Manchester NH, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Old Town ME, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Religion, Social History, Sports and Leisure, Stonecutting, Woonsocket RI -
La Foi, La Langue, La Culture : The Franco-Americans of Biddeford, Maine
Edited and updated book version of a dissertation published five years earlier ("Ethnic survival in a New England Mill Town," Syracuse University, 1977), with a foreword by author and Biddeford resident, Norman Beaupré. A Franco American history from immigration to community development, cast through the lens of the town of Biddeford, Maine, or the "Mill City."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Biddeford ME, Business and Economics, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Geography, Government and Politics, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Nonfiction -- History -- Local, Religion, Saco ME, Saco River Valley, Social History -
French Canadians in Massachusetts Politics, 1885-1915 : Ethnicity and Political Pragmatism
Based on Petrin's Ph.D thesis entitled "Ethnicity and political pragmatism: The French Canadians in Massachusetts, 1885-1915" (Clark University, 1983). In-depth, statistic-full analysis of the relationship between ethnicity and politics during a 30-year period surrounding turn-of-the-century Massachusetts. Explores French Canadian citizenship, voting patterns, party politics, and interethnic conflict in light of the active streams of immigration and industrialization of that period. Examines individual city statistics.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Adams MA, Amesbury MA, Attleboro MA, Auburn MA, Boston MA, Cambridge MA, Chicopee MA, Demography, Douglas MA, Dudley MA, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Fitchburg MA, Government and Politics, Grafton MA, Hardwick MA, Haverhill MA, Holyoke MA, Language and Linguistics, Lawrence MA, Leominster MA, Lowell MA, Ludlow MA, Lynn MA, Marlboro MA, Massachusetts, Millbury MA, Montague MA, New Bedford MA, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Government and Politics, North Adams MA, North Brookfield MA, Northbridge MA, Oxford MA, Palmer MA, Pittsfield MA, Québec, Religion, Salem MA, Southbridge MA, Spencer MA, Springfield MA, Sturbridge MA, Sutton MA, Taunton MA, Ware MA, Webster MA, Worcester MA -
Loyal but French : The Negotiation of Identity by French-Canadian Descendants in the United States
The birth of the French Canadian community in Lewiston, Maine, and the developments of a Franco American identity there. Argues for the reexamination of the social history of French Canadians and their descendants in Lewiston, Maine - that Franco American culture and cultural identity are products of a historical process where ethnic Americans negotiated citizenship, tradition, and personhood by a variety of cultural terms more complex than those found in a simple understanding of United States assimilation. Follows the life, transition, and death of the Lewiston periodical "Le Messager," often as a marker for the state of the Lewiston Franco community's vitality. A history of French Canadian institutions in Lewiston. Based on Richard's doctoral dissertation, "From Canadien to American: The Acculturation of French-Canadian Descendants in Lewiston, Maine, 1860 to the Present." Richard is a Lewiston, Maine, native and associate director of the Center for the Study of Canada/Institute on Quebec Studies at SUNY Plattsburgh. -
Flight from Certainty : The Dilemma of Identity and Exile
Collection of essays in cultural criticism, with specific emphases on national, ethnic, and linguistic identities in transit. Divided in the text by the geographies to which each essay pertains. From the introduction: "The authors [in 'Flight from Certainty'] have attempted to combine scholarship, personal experience, wit, and irony in dealing with questions which so far have gone unanswered: 'How far is identity modelled by the country in which people grow up and believe they have their roots? What happens to the concept of identity when a person abandons one country to live in another?'"Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Africa, Australia, Criticism and Review, Emigration and Immigration, England, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, India, Ireland, Italy, Literary Works -- Criticism and History, Louisiana, New England, New Zealand, Québec, Sanford ME, South Africa, South Asia, Sri Lanka, Violence -
The Beginnings of the Franco-American Colony in Woonsocket, Rhode Island
English translation of 1920's "Débuts de la colonie franco-américaine de Woonsocket, Rhode Island." A rich and in-depth portrayal of the birth of one of Rhode Island's largest Franco-American communities. Divided into three parts: town origins, immigration and genealogy, and a contemporary portrait including biographies and modern institutions.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Blackstone River Valley, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Essay, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Genealogy, Journalism, Native Americans, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Local, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Religion, Rhode Island, Woonsocket RI -
Hidden Minorities : The Persistence of Ethnicity in American Life
Collection of essays on acculturation, assimilation, and minority ethnic groups otherwise generally overlooked. A majority emphasis on ethnicity in Rhode Island and New England.
Contains the following essays by their respective authors:
"Ethnic identity, acculturation, and assimilation" by Joan H. Rollins
"Narragansett Indians" by William S. Simmons
"Mohegans and Scatacooks" by Ethel Boissevain "The French-Canadians of New England" by Leon F. Bouvier
"The Armenians of North America" by Frank Andrews Stone
"The Arabic-speaking communities in Rhode Island" by Marlene Koury Smith
"Azoreans in America" by Mark J. Handler
"Cape Verdean Americans" by Deirdre Meintel MachadoTags Acculturation and Assimilation, Armenian Americans, Azoreans, Cape Verdean Americans, Demography, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Lebanon, Native Americans, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Ethnic Studies, Portuguese Americans, Québec, Rhode Island, Social History, Syria, United States, Woonsocket RI -
French-Canadian Names: Vermont Variants
A look into the unique renditions of names of French Canadian families in Vermont, and the recent and transformative linguistic histories of these names in a largely anglophone space. -
The Franco-American Parishes of New England : Past, Present, and Future
Essay on the birth of French Canadian Roman Catholic national parishes (churches, schools, communities) in New England - their subsequent growth, decline, and transformation as Franco American communities from the early nineteenth century to the twenty-first. A brief chronological survey. Includes remarks on turbulent relations between some American Church leaders favoring immigrant assimilation and some French Canadian immigrants resisting the Anglicization of their institutions. Gauges the accuracy of the truism among Franco Americans that there exists a connection between preserving the French language and maintaining one's Catholic faith. Acknowledges the transformations that take place in Franco American communities alongside specific legislative, academic, or ecclesiastical attitudes toward language use. Follows, through measures of Church activity, the phenomena of tightly knit Franco American communities beginning to disperse and dissolve in the twentieth century. As the title adds, also contains thoughts on the future of Franco American culture in New England as related to the decline of the French language, the decline in the number of Catholic priests, and the modern notion of American "individuality" that the author positions at the base of ethnic community dissolution.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Burlington VT, Community: Customs and Social Life, Connecticut River Valley, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Government and Politics, Language and Linguistics, Maine, Massachusetts, New England, New Hampshire, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Religion, Providence RI, Québec, Religion, Rhode Island, Springfield MA, Vermont, Worcester MA -
Marie-Rose, Stigmatisée de Woonsocket' : The Construction of a Franco-American Saint Cult, 1930-1955
From a publication of the Canadian Catholic Historical Association. Essay that situates the early-twentieth-century "mystic stigmatic" figure of Marie-Rose Ferron in a Franco American religious history. Using Ferron's biography as measure, Kaell sees the fringe cult around her, as well as her failed canonization, in contrast with the popular saintly tradition of the Canadian Thérièse of Lisieux. Kaell teases out this and other comparisons between Franco and Québécois religiosity and nationalism using Ferron's life and history. From the author: "First, this paper is an examination of how a hagiographer, Onésime Boyer, worked to create a saint cult that ultimately ended in failure. Second, and more importantly, this paper uses Boyer's construction of Rose's cult to provide a window into Franco-American Catholic culture that was incorporating wider trends, like 'victimhood,' and anchoring itself firmly in an American milieu. Finally, this paper raises a number of questions for further study, urging more comprehensive analyses of Franco-American history and religion."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Criticism and Review, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Gender and Sexuality, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Religion, Ogdensburg NY, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Québec, Religion, Social History, War, Woonsocket RI -
The Ethnicity of Clerical Leadership : The Dominicans in Francophone Lewiston, Maine, 1881-1986
Essay that follows the Roman Catholic Dominican order from its French expatriation to Canada, to its subsequent immigration to New England. Explores how Dominican fathers and other Church leaders impacted the acculturation of French Canadian descendants in the Catholic parishes of Lewiston, Maine at the beginning of the twentieth century. Features Lewiston Catholics' reactions to Dominican maneuvers, as well as inter-hierarchical disputes between bishops of the diocese of Portland, Maine and the clergy of Lewiston's national parishes. Emphasizes roles of Lewiston community members in shaping their own Catholic and Franco American identities apart from Church leadership, and the transformation of these roles into the latter half of the twentieth century. -
Canada in the United States : Perspectives on Migration and Continental History
Brief historiographical piece that begins with discrepancies between Canadian and American data on Canadian migrants to the United States. Concerning studies of continental migration - both empirical and theoretical, international statistics on migrants, and what all of their points might say about the border as a crux of the development of Canadian-American relations in the early twentieth century. Argues that "the migration process" itself and all of its actors, not simply the ethnic cultures of some of its particular actors, must be examined to better a grasp of migration history. -
Camille Lessard-Bissonnette: The Quiet Evolution of French-Canadian Immigrants in New England
The published book form of Shideler's 1991 Ph.D. thesis from the University of Massachusetts. A biographical study of a québécoise and first-generation Franco American author and her works - as a means, Shideler writes, "to identify the position of the immigrant at the juncture of two diverse societies and ways of life" (2). From the publisher: "The inclusion of the ethnic voice in the examination of what has been termed 'American' literature is a significant development, but what of the voice of the ethnic woman? This study seeks to answer that question and, at the same time, shed light on the effects exercised by the act of immigration as well as on the specific fate of French-Canadian immigrants to the United States at the turn of the century...." Lessard-Bissonnette is perhaps best known for her serialized novel entitled, "Canuck," about a French-Canadian immigrant to industrial New England.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Community: Customs and Social Life, Criticism and Review, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Fiction and Literature, Gender and Sexuality, Government and Politics, Journalism, Labor History, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Québec, Religion, Social History -
Prejudice and Pride : Canadian Intellectuals Confront the United States, 1891-1945
From University of Toronto Press: "As a country with enormous economic, military, and cultural power, the United States can seem an overwhelming neighbour - one that demands consideration by politicians, thinkers, and cultural figures. Prejudice and Pride examines and compares how English and French Canadian intellectuals viewed American society from 1891 to 1945. Based on over five hundred texts drawn largely from the era's periodical literature, the study reveals that English and French Canadian intellectuals shared common preoccupations with the United States, though the English tended to emphasize political issues and the French cultural issues.... Significantly, the era's discourse regarding American life and the Canadian-American relationship was less an expression of nationalism or a reaction to US policy than it was about the expression of wider attitudes concerning modernity." -
"Why Don't You Be a Klansman?" Anglo-Canadian Support for the Ku Klux Klan Movement in 1920s New England
From the author: "This article examines a little-known dimension to the Ku Klux Klan movement in the United States during the 1920s. As Anglo-Canadian Protestants supported the KKK to assert control over French-Canadian and other Catholics in the New England states, they undermined the Klan's emphasis on Americanism and illustrated an inherent contradiction in this avowedly nativist organization."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Alberta, Auburn ME, Barre VT, Bath ME, Biddeford ME, Canada, Central Falls RI, Colorado, Connecticut, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Government and Politics, Greenville ME, Lawrence MA, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Manitoba, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Brunswick, New England, New Hampshire, New York, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Ontario, Oregon, Québec, Religion, Rhode Island, Saco ME, Saskatchewan, Toronto ON, United States, Vermont, Violence, Washington, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Storytelling in Daily Life : Performing Narrative
Performance studies theory text. Maine Franco American case studies in a discussion of the methods and forms of storytelling. Written by two University of Maine professors. From Temple University Press: "The authors ably guide readers through the complex world of performing narrative. Along the way they show the embodied contexts of storytelling, the material constraints on narrative performances, and the myriad ways storytelling orders information and tasks, constitutes meanings, and positions speaking subjects. Readers will also learn that narrative performance is consequential as well as pervasive, as storytelling opens up experience and identities to legitimization and critique. The authors' multi-leveled model of strategy and tactics considers how relations of power in a system are produced, reproduced, and altered in performing narrative....The authors explain this strategic model through an extended discussion of family storytelling, using Franco Americans in Maine as their exemplar. They explore what stories families tell, how they tell them, and how storytelling creates family identities. Then, they show the range and reach of this strategic model by examining storytelling in diverse contexts: a breast cancer narrative, a weblog on the Internet, and an autobiographical performance on the public stage. Readers are left with a clear understanding of how and why the performance of narrative is the primary communicative practice shaping our lives today."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Bangor ME, Criticism and Review, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Gender and Sexuality, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Maine, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Performance Studies, Old Town ME, Performing Arts, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, St. John River Valley -
Nos histoires de l'Iêle : History and Memories of French Island, Old Town, Maine
A chronicling of French Island ("Treat and Webster Island"), Old Town, Maine, from 1800 to the late 20th century. Includes photos, selections from interviews and oral histories, historical synopses, and stories from the French Island community. A uniquely powerful piece from a section of Old Town in cultural transition. Compiled and written by a committee of persons representative of the Island at the end of the 20th century.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Alcohol and Drugs, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Farming and Agriculture, French Island ME, Labor History, Milford ME, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Documentary, Nonfiction -- History -- Local, Old Town ME, Orono ME, Penobscot River Valley, Religion, Sports and Leisure -
Steeples and Smokestacks : A Collection of Essays on the Franco-American Experience in New England
Essay collection on the diverse aspects of Franco American community and life in New England. Emphases on French Canadian immigration to New England; religion, education, and community life; and Franco American literature. Includes a wide range of materials from writers and scholars throughout the region. Contents: Claire Quintal - Introduction I. Emigration Yves Roby - "The Economic Evolution of Quebec and the Emigrant (1850-1929)" Mason Wade - "The Acadian Background" Fernand Arsenault - "Acadians and Emigration" Neil Boucher - "The Case of the Acadians of Southwest Nova Scotia" II. Franco-American Communities Gerard J. Brault - "An Overview of Studies Relating to Franco-American Communities in New England" Frances H. Early - "The Settling-In Process: The Beginnings of the Little Canada in Lowell, Massachusetts, in the Late Nineteenth Century" Marcella Harnish Sorg - "Community Formation in Old Town, Maine, 1835-1930: Endogamy and Natal Origins Among the Acadians" Michael J. Guignard - "The Franco-Americans of Biddeford, Maine" Philip T. Silvia, Jr. - "Neighbors from the North: French-Canadian Immigrants vs. Trade Unionism in Fall River, Massachusetts" Charles W. Estus and Kenneth J Moynihan - "Beyond Textiles: Industrial Diversity and the Franco-American Experience in Worcester, Massachusetts" Paul D. LeBlanc - "From Farm to Factory: Acadians in Fitchburg, Massachusetts (1880-1910)" III. Religion Michael J. Guignard - "The Corporation Sole Controversy" Yves Roby - "Franco-Americans and the Catholic Hierarchy" Jacquelyn Alix, P.F.M - "The Foundation of the Little Franciscans of Mary in Worcester, Massachusetts" Yves Garon, A.A. - "The Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joan of Arc: A Franco-American Foundation" Pierre E. Lanchance, O.P. - "Saint Anne's Shrine, Fall River, Massachusetts" IV. Education Armand B. Chartier - "The Spiritual and Intellectual Foundations of the Schooling of Franco-Americans" Gerard J. Brault - "The Achievement of the Teaching Orders in New England: The Franco-American Parochial Schools" V. Literature, Journalism, and Folklore Armand B. Chartier - "Toward a History of Franco-American Literature: Some Considerations" Robert B. Perreault - "The Franco-American Press: An Historical Overview" Richard S. Sorrell - "La Sentinelle and La Tribune: The Role of Woonsocket's French Language Newspapers in the Sentinelle Affair of the 1920s" Richard S. Sorrell - "'History as a Novel, the Novel as History': Ethnicity and the Franco-American English-Language Novel" Béatrice Belisle MacQueen - "Corinne Rocheleau-Rouleau (1881-1963): Advocate for the Handicapped" Janet L. Shideler - "Camille Lessard-Bissonnette (1883-1970): Immigrant Author and Itinerant Journalist" Michel Lapierre - "Rosaire DIon-Lévesque (1900-1974): Poet and Translator of Walt Whitman" Brigitte Lane - "Three Major Witnesses of Franco-American Folklore in New England: Honoré Beaugrand, Adélard Lambert, and Roméo Berthiaume" Donald Deschênes - "The Dream of a Better Life in the Songs of Departure for the United States" VI. The Franco-American Woman Charlotte Borders LeBlanc - "History and Mission of the Fédération Féminine Franco-Américaine (1951-1991)" Marcelle Chenard - "A Franco-American Lay Missionary, Iriène Farley (1893-1961" Yves Roby - "A Portrait of the Femal Franco-American Worker (1865-1930)" VII. Franco-Americans Today Madeleine D. Giguière - "New England's Francophone Population Based Upon the 1990 Census" Clarence J. d'Entremont - "Acadian Survivance in New England" Yves Roby - "From Franco-Americans to Americans of French-Canadian Origin or Franco-Americanism, Past and Present" VIII. The View From Within Claude Milot - "Arthur Milot's Memoirs: Childhood Memories" Lucien A. Aubé - "From the Parochial School to and American University: Reflections on Cultural Fragmentation" David Plante - "Tsi Gars" John Dufresne - "Telling Stories in Mémière's Kitchen" Claire Quintal - ContributorsTags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Bibliography, Biddeford ME, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Connecticut, Death and Disaster, Demography, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Essay, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Farming and Agriculture, Fiction and Literature, Fitchburg MA, Folklore, Forestry, Gender and Sexuality, Journalism, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Lynn MA, Madawaska ME, Maine, Manchester NH, Massachusetts, Merrimack River Valley, Mills and Mill Work, Montréal QC, Music, New Brunswick, New England, New Hampshire, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Anthology, Nova Scotia, Old Town ME, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Poetry, Québec, Religion, Rhode Island, Vermont, Violence, Waltham MA, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Les "Chinois" de l'est, ou, la vie quotidienne des Québécois émigrés aux États-Unis de 1840 aè nos jours
Lafleur prends la phrase "les Chinois de l'Est" d'une description pejorative de la franco-américanie et l'utilise aè illustrer la vie et l'histoire franco-américaine. Le texte concerne la Nouvelle-Angleterre en totale, mais sa centre primaire est la ville de Watertown, Connecticut. De son intro et sa conclusion: "Enfin, ce travail est loin d'etre exhaustif et n'a pas la prétention d'un étude scientifique et objective. Il se veut simplement la voix de ceux et celles qu'on a parfois considérés comme des 'traitres aè la patrie.'...Le retour aux sources et la passion de se connaitre font qu plusieurs Franco-Américains se tournent aujourd'hui vers le Québec, berceau du sang francais en Amérique du Nord. Pourquoi leur faire la sourde oreille?"Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Burlington VT, Central Falls RI, Community: Customs and Social Life, Emigration and Immigration, Journalism, Labor History, Laconia NH, Louisiana, Manchester NH, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- General, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Pittsfield MA, Québec, Religion, Springfield MA, St. Albans VT, Swanton VT, United States, Ware MA, Waterbury CT, Watertown CT, Winooski VT, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Why Can't They Be Like Us? : America's White Ethnic Groups
Andrew M. Greeley, an American Catholic priest and writer, offers in "Why Can't They Be Like Us?" a preliminary investigation of white minorities in the United States. His observations are considerate of both social formations and religious movements within ethnic communities, concluding with a prediction for the cultural futures of ethnic immigrants to the United States. -
Becoming American : An Ethnic History
A history of immigration in the United States, its national impact, and the effects of American naturalization upon immigrant ethnic identity. From the cover: "From the English settlers who founded the Jamestown colony to the recent refugees from Vietnam and Cuba, the history of American has always been tied to the fortunes of its immigrants. Thomas J. Archdeacon presents a fascinating account of the foreign peoples and cultures that for nearly four centuries have transformed America and, in the process, transformed themselves. Discussing Europeans and Asians, Africans and American Indians, he weaves their stories together, shows how they mingle and diverge, and relates their collective experience to the critical decisions we face in coping with the thousands of immigrants who continue to arrive yearly on our shores."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, African Americans, Canada, Chinese Americans, Emigration and Immigration, England, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, German Americans, Government and Politics, Ireland, Irish Americans, Italian Americans, Japanese Americans, Jewish Americans, Labor History, Mexican Americans, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Québec, Religion, Slavic Americans, United States -
A Franco-American Overview : Midwest and West
Volume 2 of an eight-part series on Franco American history and life. From ERIC: "Intended to help readers develop an appreciation of the contributions of Franco-Americans to the cultural heritage of the United States, this book, the second of six volumes, presents 15 readings representing many perspectives--from the historical to the sociological--illustrating the thinking and feelings of those in the forefront of Franco-American studies. This volume focuses on Franco-Americans in western and midwestern United States. The following articles are presented: 'French Explorers and Settlers in Northern California, 1769-1870' (William George Reese); 'The Church in Colonial America 1492-1790' (John Tracy Ellis); 'The Huguenots of Colonial South Carolina' (Arthur Henry Hirsch); 'Le Canadien-Francais et L'Amerindien' ('The French-Canadian and the American Indian,' Charles Noyes); 'Belle-Riviere, Griffon et Creve-Coeur: La Tenace Poursuite d'un Reve Imperial' ('Beautiful River, Griffin and Heartbreak: The Tenacious Pursuit of an Imperial Dream,' M. Helene Pauly); 'De Normandie en Mongolie? Nicolet chez les Etranges Winebagos' ('From Normandy to Mongolia? Nicolet in the Land of the Strange Winebagos,' M. Helene Pauly); 'The Fur Trade in Wisconsin' (Larry Gara); 'The French Residents of Wisconsin' (Louise Phelps Kellogg); 'Minnesota--A History of the State' (Theodore C. Blegen); 'The Historical Geography of Detroit' (Almon Ernest Parkins); 'The Story of Detroit' (George B. Catlin); 'Annals of St. Louis in its Early Days under the French and Spanish Dominations' (Frederic L. Billon); 'Gulf Coast Country' (Hodding Carter and Anthony Ragusin); 'Sketches of Early Texas and Louisiana' (Frederic Gaillardet); and 'Four Cents an Acre' (Georges Oudard)."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, California, Death and Disaster, Detroit MI, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Geography, Government and Politics, Journalism, Louisiana, Minnesota, Native Americans, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Anthology, Social History, South Carolina, St. Louis MO, Texas, United States, Wisconsin -
A Franco-American Overview : New England, part 1 of 2
Volume 3 of an eight-part series on Franco American history and life. From ERIC: "Intended to help readers develop an appreciation of the contributions of Franco-Americans to the cultural heritage of the United States, this book, the third of six volumes, presents 17 readings representing many perspectives--from the historical to the sociological--illustrating the thinking and feelings of those in the forefront of Franco-American studies. This volume focuses on Franco-Americans in New England. The French-Canadians in New England' (William MacDonald); 'French Catholics in the United States' (J. K. L. LaFlamme, David E. Lavigne, and J. Arthur Favreau); 'French and French-Canadians in the United States' (Mason Wade); 'The Acadian Migrations' (Robert LeBlanc); 'The Loyalists and the Acadians' (Mason Wade); 'The Franco-Americans in Maine: A Geographical Perspective' (James P. Allen); 'Quebec to 'Little Canada': The Coming of the French-Canadians to New England in the Nineteenth Century' (Iris Saunders Podea); 'The French Colony at Brunswick, Maine: A Historical Sketch' (William N. Locke); 'The Franco-Americans of New England' (George F. Theriault); 'The Laborers of Manchester, New Hampshire 1912-1922: The Role of Family and Ethnicity in Adjustment to Industrial Life' (Tamara K. Hareven); 'The Franco-American Working-Class Family' (Laurence French); 'Traditional French-Canadian Family Life Patterns and Their Implications for Social Services in Vermont' (Peter Woolfson); 'The Presidential Politics of Franco-Americans' (David B. Walker); 'A Profile of Franco-American Political Attitudes in New England' (Norman Sepenuk); 'The French Parish and 'Survivance' in 19th Century New England' (Mason Wade); 'The Shadows of the Trees: Religion and Language' (Jacques Ducharme); and 'French National Societies in New England' (Edward Billings Ham)."Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Brunswick ME, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Family, Geography, Government and Politics, Journalism, Labor History, Maine, Manchester NH, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Anthology, Religion, Social History, United States, Vermont -
A Franco-American Overview : New England, part 2 of 2
Volume 4 of an eight-part series on Franco American history and life. From ERIC: "Intended to help readers develop an appreciation of the contributions of Franco-Americans to the cultural heritage of the United States, this book, the fourth of six volumes, presents 15 chapters representing many perspectives--from the historical to the sociological--illustrating the thinking and feelings of those in the forefront of Franco-American studies. This volume focuses on Franco-Americans in New England. The following readings are presented: 'New England French Culture' (Gerard J. Brault); 'Public or Parish: A Study of Differences in Acculturation of Franco-American Schoolchildren' (Peter Woolfson); 'An Ethnic Survey of Woonsocket, Rhode Island' (Bessie Bloom Wessel); 'Franco-American Efforts on Behalf of the French Language in New England' (Herve Lemaire); 'Sports and Franco-Americans in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 1870-1930' (Richard S. Sorrell); 'U. S. Journal--Biddeford, Maine: Ou se trouve la plage?' (Calvin Trillin); 'Ethnic Stratification in the Community' (Elin Anderson); 'Race, Ethnicity and the Achievement Syndrome' (Bernard C. Rosen); 'Living Space and the Advancement of the Generations' (W. Lloyd Warner, J. O. Low, Paul S. Lunt, and Leo Srole); 'The Socio-Economic Status of the French-Canadians in the United States' (Leon F. Bouvier); 'A Genealogical Approach to the Study of French-Canadian Fertility 1650-1950' (Leon F. Bouvier); 'Language Usage in the United States: July, 1975' (U. S. Bureau of the Census); 'Social and Economic Profile of French and English Mother-Tongue Persons: Maine, 1970' (Madeleine Giguere); 'French-Canadian Settlement in Vermont Prior to the Civil War' (Ralph D. Vicero), and 'Sentinelle Affair (1924-1929): Religious and Militant 'Survivance' in Woonsocket, Rhode Island' (Richard S. Sorrell). Appendices providing a map, research notes, and an annotated bibliography conclude the document."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Biddeford ME, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Genealogy, Journalism, Language and Linguistics, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Anthology, Social History, Sports and Leisure, United States, Vermont, Woonsocket RI, Youth -
A Franco-American Overview : Louisiana, part 1 of 4
Volume 5 of a eight-part series on Franco American history and life. From ERIC: "Intended to help readers develop an appreciation of the contributions of Franco-Americans to the cultural heritage of the United States, this book, the fifth of six volumes, presents 18 chapters representing many perspectives--from the historical to the sociological--illustrating the thinking and feelings of those in the forefront of Franco-American studies. This volume focuses on Franco-Americans in Louisiana. The following readings are presented: 'France and the Mississippi Valley: A Resume' (Louise Phelps Kellogg); 'France and Louisiana in the Early Eighteenth Century' (Marcel Giraud); 'Bienville's First Administration' (Charles Edward O'Neill); 'Private Enterprise vs. Mercantilism: The Cadillac-Duclos Affair' (Carl A. Brasseaux); 'The Superior Council in Colonial Louisiana' (James D. Hardy, Jr.); 'The Development of Industries in Louisiana During the French Regime, 1673-1763' (Nancy M. Miller Surrey); 'An Adventurous Voyage to French Colonial Louisiana: The Narrative of Mother Tranchepain, 1727' (Marion Ware); 'The Establishment of a Colonist' (Antoine-Simon Le Page Du Pratz); 'From African Captivity to American Slavery: The Introduction of Black Laborers to Colonial Louisiana' (Daniel H. Usner, Jr.); 'The French and the Natchez Indians in Louisiana: 1700-1731' (Patricia D. Woods); 'La Louisiane avant Vaudreuil' ('Louisiana before Vaudreuil,' Guy Fregault) 'New Orleans under French Rule' (Sarah Searight); 'Les problemes d'installation des Acadiens en Louisiane au XVIIIe siecle' ('Settlement Problems of the Acadians in Louisiana in the 18th Century,' Jacqueline Voorhies); 'The New Orleans Revolution of 1768: A Reappraisal' (Richard Ira Matthews); 'Some Eighteenth-Century French Views on Louisiana' (Pierre H. Boulle); 'Louisiana as a Factor in French Diplomacy from 1762 to 1800' (Mildred Stahl Fletcher); 'The World Aspects of the Louisiana Purchase' (William M. Sloane); and 'The Transfer' (Pierre-Clement de Laussat)."Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Death and Disaster, Education, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, France, Government and Politics, Journalism, Labor History, Louisiana, Mills and Mill Work, Mississippi River Valley, New Orleans LA, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Anthology, Social History, United States, War -
A Franco-American Overview
Volume 1 of an eight-part series on Franco American history and life. From ERIC: "A brief narrative description of the journal article, document, or resource. Intended to help readers develop an appreciation of the contributions of Franco-Americans to the cultural heritage of the United States, this book, the first of six volumes, presents 14 readings representing many perspectives--from the historical to the sociological--illustrating the thinking and feelings of those in the forefront of Franco-American studies. This volume includes the following articles: 'What is an American?' (Madeleine Giguere); 'One Piece in the Great American Mosaic' (Robert Perreault); 'Louisiana's French Heritage (Truman Stacey); 'Haiti' (Thomas E. Weil); 'The Huguenots' (Marie-Reine Mikesell); 'The Acadians of Maine' (Julie Albert); 'The French in Vermont' (Peter Woolfson); 'The Rapid Assimilation of Canadian French in Northern Vermont' (Peter Woolfson); 'The Franco-American Heritage in Manchester, New Hampshire' (Thaddeus M. Piotrowski); 'A History of Franco-American Journalism' (Paul Pare); 'Bilingual Living' (Normand C. Dube); 'Cajun French and French Creole: Their Speakers and the Questions of Identities' (Dorice Tentchoff); 'La Cuisine Chez-Nous' ('Our Cuisine,' Sr. Marguerite Cyr); and 'Louisiana's Creole-Acadian Cuisine' (Ernest Gueymard)."Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Education, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Food, Journalism, Language and Linguistics, Louisiana, Maine, Manchester NH, New England, New Hampshire, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Anthology, Religion, Social History, United States, Vermont -
Language Loyalty in the United States : The Maintenance and Perpetuation of Non-English Mother Tongues by American Ethnic and Religious Groups
Collection of essays on the linguistics of non-English-speaking immigrants to the United States. The impact of movement on language, the perpetuation of local trends, the transformation of language in transit. The variety of language loyalties in the United States explored through sociological and psychological data, and through the many political and institutional structures set in support of the cultural life of certain American communities. Includes Herve B. Lemaire's "Franco-American Efforts on Behalf of the French Language in New England." Contains the following essays, in order of appearance: The Historical and Social Contexts of an Inquiry into Language Maintenance Efforts Mother Tongue and Nativity in the American Population The Non-English and the Ethnic Group Press, 1910-1960 Foreign Language Broadcasting The Ethnic Group School and Mother Tongue Maintenance Mother Tongue Retentiveness in Ethnic Parishes Organizational and Leadership Interest in Language Maintenance Some Community Dynamics of Language Maintenance German-American Language Maintenance Efforts Franco-American Efforts on Behalf of the French Language in New England Spanish Language and Culture in the Southwest Ukrainian Language Maintenance Efforts in the United States The Process and Problems of Language Maintenance: an Integrative Review Planned Reinforcement of Language Maintenance in the United States; Suggestions for the Conservation of a Neglected National Resource Language Maintenance in a Supra-Ethnic Age: Summary and Conclusions Appendices & Indexes -
L'aême franco-américaine
Un livre majeur d'un défenseur triès passionné de la survivance franco-américaine, et d'un maire ancien de Manchester, New Hamshire. L'auteur de "Catéchisme d'Histoire Franco-Américaine" et "Rois ou Esclaves de la Machine." De l'auteur: "Nous nous proposons de souligner, dans le présent ouvrage, un autre prodige de vitalité française en Amérique, trop inconnu ou méconnu de nos frières de France et du Canada: la survivance française aux Etats-Unis, chez ceux qu'on a justement appelés les Franco-Américains. Dans une premiière partie, nous passerons en revue les faits qui entourent la naissance et le développement de ce groupe franco-américain, dont nous ta?cherons d'analyser l'ame nationale. Une second partie aura pour but de faire ressortir les causes de cette survivance franco-américaine. Au cours de la troisiième partie, nous exposerons en toute sincérité les obstacles qui nous semblent retarder les progriès de ce groupe ethnique et s'opposer le plus directement à la survivance des Franco-Américains."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Albany NY, Bay City MI, Boston MA, Bourbonnais IL, Burlington VT, Chicago IL, Community: Customs and Social Life, Detroit MI, Duluth MN, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Fall River MA, Family, Fitchburg MA, France, Holyoke MA, Illinois, Journalism, La Beauce QC, Lewiston ME, Louisiana, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Marquette MI, Massachusetts, Minneapolis MN, Nashua NH, New Bedford MA, New York, New York NY, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History, Nonfiction -- History -- Intellectual, Philadelphia PA, Plattsburgh NY, Québec, Religion, Salem MA, Southbridge MA, St. Paul MN, Vermont, Wisconsin, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
The Transplanted : A History of Immigrants in Urban America
An overview of American immigration and ethnic histories from American cities of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Written by the Director of Oral History Research at the University of Indiana, Bloomington. From Indiana University Press: "A major survey of the immigrant experience between 1830 and 1930, this book has implications for all students and scholars of American social history."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Austrian Americans, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Croatian Americans, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Farming and Agriculture, Folklore, German Americans, Government and Politics, Hungarian Americans, Irish Americans, Italian Americans, Jewish Americans, Labor History, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Polish Americans, Religion, Social History, United States -
Democracy and Assimilation : The Blending of Immigrant Heritages in America
An early immigrant history of the United States with a particular emphasis on the impact of World War I, and with a heavy reliance on United States marriage statistics. Drachsler evaluates the cultural and economic impacts of foreign immigration to the United States, examines immigrant community life, and proposes new measures in public policy. -
The Evangelization of the French Canadians of New England
Pamphlet published by Massachusetts Protestant evangelist, Calvin Elijah Amaron, toward the assimilation of French Canadian immigrants through conversion from Catholicism. Later developed and published in book form: "Your Heritage; or, New England Threatened." -
Your Heritage; or, New England Threatened
Book length essay on assimilating French Canadian immigrants to Protestant New England, and an argument for their religious conversion. An expansion of Amaron's earlier pamphlet, "The evangelization of the French Canadians of New England." -
We Americans : A Study of Cleavage in an American City
Book-length 1937 demographic study of Burlington, Vermont - as a New England hub, as an American city in itself, and as a microcosm of American democracy. This book was a product of Vermont's 1930s Eugenics Survey that studied local demographics, and considered the use of concepts of race and class in their relationship to democratic society.The single largest immigrant group in Burlington at this time (1930s) was of French Canadian origin. From the text: "The promise of American democracy is resident in the life of local communities....We must learn more about the character of life in local American communities."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Burlington VT, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Geography, Government and Politics, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Demography, Religion, Sports and Leisure, United States, Vermont, Winooski VT -
Le français dans le Connecticut
De brièves descriptions de la situation de la langue française dans les écoles et les communautés - et de l'américanisation des canadiens-français - du Connecticut et de la Nouvelle-Angleterre du XIXe siecle à 1919.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Clubs and Societies, Community: Customs and Social Life, Connecticut, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Government and Politics, Language and Linguistics, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Education, Nonfiction -- French in North America, Nonfiction -- History -- Local, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Religion -
Le français dans le New-Hampshire
De brièves descriptions de la situation de la langue française dans les écoles et les communautés - et de l'américanisation des canadiens-français - du New Hampshire et de la Nouvelle-Angleterre du XIXe siecle à 1919.Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Boston MA, Clubs and Societies, Connecticut, Education, Government and Politics, Language and Linguistics, Manchester NH, Montréal QC, Nashua NH, New Hampshire, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Education, Nonfiction -- French in North America, Nonfiction -- History -- Local, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Religion, Woonsocket RI -
Children of the Uprooted
Sequel to Handlin's monumental text, "The Uprooted." Voices of first-generation Americans: the children of immigrants to America. In addition to pieces from Theodore Dreiser, Carl Sandburg, Louis Brandeis, and Reinhold Niebuhr, "Children" features the writing of prominent tabloid journalist Emile Gavreau - the child of French-Canadian immigrants to the US Northeast. From the introduction: "The most significant variations among the children of the uprooted were those created by changes in the society in which they lived. Their writings have therefore been arranged chronologically by the date of their birth, on the assumption that the significant attitudes were shaped in childhood and youth." -
Two Hundred Years of Freedom
USA bicentennial commemorative edition (2.2) of the official quarterly publication of l'Association Canado-Americaine, a fraternal and cultural organization based in Manchester, New Hampshire. Includes an editorial, an essay, a longer historical piece, and two songs transcribed. Contains the following pieces: "Salut aux Etats-Unis d'Amerique" par le redacteur "We shall continue" by Theodore J. Cusson "Nous continuerons" par Rosaire A. Ouellet "One Piece in the Great American Mosaic" by Robert B. Perreault "O Canada" and "La Marseillaise" -
The French Canadians of Michigan : Their Contribution to the Development of the Saginaw Valley and the Keweenaw Peninsula, 1840-1914
From Wayne State University Press: "'The French Canadians of Michigan' looks at the factors behind the French Canadian immigration by providing a statistical profile of the migratory movement as well as analysis of the strategies used by French Canadians to cope with and adapt to new environments. Using federal manuscript censuses, parochial archives, and government reports, Jean Lamarre closely examines who the immigrants were, the causes of their migration, their social and geographical itinerary, and the reasons they chose Michigan as their destination."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Detroit MI, Emigration and Immigration, Family, Forestry, Fur-trading, Great Lakes Region, Illinois, Keweenaw Peninsula MI, Labor History, Maine, Mills and Mill Work, Minnesota, New England, New York, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Ohio, Québec, Religion, Saginaw River Valley, US Midwest, Wisconsin -
Immigration as a Factor in American History
Varied selections of scholarship, speeches, interviews, and articles that, according to the author, "attempt to illustrate the immigration contribution to American civilization and the forces which brought the movement to a close" (Handlin, intro). Pays homage to the impact of immigration on the entirety of the United States, and looks to federal government's role in stemming the inflow of people to the States in the middle of the twentieth century. Oscar Handlin won a Pulitzer Prize in 1952.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Community: Customs and Social Life, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Government and Politics, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Religion, Social History, United States -
Coming to America : A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life
Comprehensive history of immigration to the United States from the 17th to the 21st century. Divided into [ ] parts: Colonial America; The Century of Immigration (1820-1924); and Modern Times.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, California, China, Cuba, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Germany, Government and Politics, Greece, Haiti, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Labor History, Mexico, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Norway, Pennsylvania, Poland, Puerto Rico, Québec, Religion, Scotland, Sweden -
La situation religieuse aux États-Unis : illusions et réalité
Un histoire et critique de l'église Catholique aux États-Unis, écrit en deux parties par un scolaire français au Canada. Certaines réflexions sur le développement d'un catholicisme américain. Comparaisons entre des prévisions pour le catholicisme aux États-Unis et les faits, ou la réalité, de l'église américaine. -
The Franco-Americans in a New England Community : An Experiment in Survival
A sociological study of the Franco Americans of Nashua, New Hampshire, previous to 1950. The community's culture and the implications of American assimilation for its social, linguistic, and religious norms. Originally presented as the author's dissertation in sociology, Harvard University, 1951. -
The Belles of New England : The Women of the Textile Mills and the Families Whose Wealth They Wove
A history of New England women during industrialization, and the lifestyle differences among women of different economic classes. From Thomas Dunne Books: "This is a masterful, definitive, and eloquent look at the enormous cultural and economic impact on America of New England's textile mills. The author, an award-winning CBS producer, traces the history of American textile manufacturing back to the ingenuity of Francis Cabot Lodge. The early mills were an experiment in benevolent enlightened social responsibility on the part of the wealthy owners, who belonged to many of Boston's finest families. But the fledgling industry's ever-increasing profits were inextricably bound to the issues of slavery, immigration, and workers' rights....William Moran brings a newsman's eye for the telling detail to this fascinating saga that is equally compelling when dealing with rags and when dealing with riches. In part a microcosm of America's social development during the period, 'The Belles of New England' casts a new and finer light on this rich tapestry of vast wealth, greed, discrimination, and courage."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Biddeford ME, Boston MA, Business and Economics, Connecticut, Death and Disaster, Emigration and Immigration, England, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Farming and Agriculture, Gender and Sexuality, Great Britain, Ireland, Labor History, Lawrence MA, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Manchester NH, Mills and Mill Work, Nashua NH, New Bedford MA, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Québec, Religion, Saco ME, Saco River Valley, Social History, Sports and Leisure, Waltham MA -
Ethnic Identity : The Case of the French Americans
Sociological essay highlighting Franco American assimilation in a case-study of Lewiston, Maine. Includes a brief history of French Canadian immigration to Lewiston coinciding with the city's birth as an industrial center. Part of the preface reads, "The general thrust of the book as it has developed, centers around the documentation of a case of cataclysmic cultural breakdown. Drawing upon many types of data, an attempt has been made to show that the French-American culture suffered an abrupt, multigenerational shift in cultural and social orientation. This alone justifies the study...."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Androscoggin River Valley, Auburn ME, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Maine, Massachusetts, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Ethnic Studies, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Nonfiction -- Sociology, Québec, Religion, Social History, War -
French New Bedford : A Historical Overview of Franco-Americans of New Bedford, Massachusetts
A brief history of the Franco Americans in New Bedford, Massachusetts. About half of the text is dedicated to the role of New Bedford's Catholic churches, while the remainder addresses New Bedford's community life, work, the French language, and Franco American culture. Includes photographs. -
Immigrant City : Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1845-1921
A history of the city of Lawrence, Massachusetts, as a site of mass industrialization, diverse immigration, and unique dynamics of class and ethnicity around the turn of the 20th century. From UNC Press: "The violence and radicalism connected with the Industrial Workers of the World textile strike of 1912 in Lawrence, Massachusetts, left the popular impression that Lawrence was a slum-ridden city inhabited by un-American revolutionaries. 'Immigrant City' is a study of Lawrence which reveals that the city was far different....The population of Lawrence was almost completely immigrant in nature; in 1910, 90 per cent of its people were either first or second generation Americans, and they represented nearly every nation in the world. The period covered by the book--1845 through 1921--is the great middle period of American immigration, which began with the Irish Famine and ended with the Quota Law of 1921. While 'Immigrant City' concentrates on one American city, it reveals much about American immigration in general and demonstrates clearly that, in spite of the poverty that most immigrants fought, life for the foreign-born in America was not as grim as some writers have suggested."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Community: Customs and Social Life, Death and Disaster, Emigration and Immigration, Family, Government and Politics, Haverhill MA, Irish Americans, Italian Americans, Labor History, Lawrence MA, Massachusetts, Merrimack River Valley, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Québec, Religion, Social History, Spicket River -
Mutt Contay Saw : About French (and English) in New England
From the author: "In New England, as elsewhere in the United States, colleges and universities offer degrees in languages, but few make courses in the history of those languages mandatory. Aside from the usual MA theses and Ph.d. dissertations - almost all of them stiffly written attempts to isolate academically 'workable' and degree-granting minutia - there is very little in print for the students of language that attempts to explain how contemporary languages in America have been and continue to be affected by their rubbing of elbows....
'Mutt Contay Saw' is about French and what has happened to it in New England. But it's also about English. It's entirely in English, even the French pronunciations are rendered in English. There's a brief history tracing the development of English." -
A Franco-American Overview : Louisiana, part 4 of 4
Volume 8 of an eight-part series on Franco American history and life. Concerned specifically with "French Louisiana in the Twentieth Century." Contains the following essays: "Les Acadiens au XXe siecle" - Margeurite Roman, "Acadians and Acadians" - W.C. Gaynor, " Some Population Characteristics of a Negro Village in the French Section of Louisiana" - Vernon J. Parenton, "Social Isolation of the French-Speaking People of Rural Louisiana" - Harlan W. Gilmore, "Notes on the Social Organization of a French Village in South Louisiana" - Vernon J. Parenton, "Family-Capitalism in a Community of Rural Louisiana" - Harlan W. Gilmore, "French-Speaking Farmers of Southern Louisiana" - Walter M. Kollmorgen and Robert W. Harrison, "The Country Butchery: A Cooperative Institution" - T. Lynn Smith and Lauren C. Post, "Les courses de chevaux: un sport de la campagne" - Sandra Hebert, "Naked Hell Cockfights in Acadiana" - Kenneth Paul Stewart, "Socio-Psychological Integration in a Rural French-Speaking Section of Louisiana" - Vernon J. Parenton, "Acculturation Among the Lousiana French" - T. Lynn Smith and Vernon J. Parenton, "Yesterday, Today, and Maybe Tomorrow: Pictographs in Southwest Louisiana" - Anna M. Boudreaux, "Acadian Fiddler Dennis McGee and Acadian Dances" - Brenda Daigle, "Acculturation in Cajun Folk Music" - Harry Oster, "The Influence of English on Louisiana 'Cajun' French in Evangeline Parish" - Harley Smith and Hosea Phillips, "Louisiana Creole French, Black or White?" - William J. Thomas, "Historique du journalisme d'expression française en Louisiane" - Larbi Oukada, "An Ethno-Telephonic Survey of French Louisiana" - Peveril Meigs III, "The Louisiana French" - Jerah Johnson, "The Acadian Family: Anachronism or Paradigm?" - Sarah Brabant, "The Edwards Victory" - Charles E. Grenier and Perry H. Howard.Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Art and Architecture, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fiction and Literature, Folklore, France, Geography, Government and Politics, Journalism, Lafayette Parish LA, Language and Linguistics, Louisiana, New Orleans LA, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Anthology, Religion, Social History, Sports and Leisure, United States -
Franco-American Ethnic Identity in Maine : Mémoire de Maiêtrise
Book-length study based on demographic research and personal observations on Franco Americans in Maine. Begins with a brief exploration of the diversity of Franco American history in New England and moves into the theoretical particularities often used to talk about the common Franco-American minority experience. Ends with case-studies of Franco Americans from Brunswick, Turner, Portland, Waterville, Lewiston, and Augusta, Maine. Attempts to trace the transformation of Franco American attitudes toward their heritage. From the author: "This paper is the outcome of a nine-month observation. From September 1989 until May 1990, the observer was a French Teaching Fellow at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine...."Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Auburn ME, Augusta ME, Biddeford ME, Brunswick ME, Community: Customs and Social Life, Cumberland ME, Demography, Eagle Lake ME, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Maine, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Ethnic Studies, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Québec, Religion, Saco ME, St. John River Valley, Waterville ME -
Histoire des Franco-Américains
Un histoire compliète des franco-américains - les français et canadiens-français en Amérique - depuis le temps de Champlain (17e siiècle) jusqu'à la fin de la Deuxiième Guerre Mondiale. Cet volume a été publié par l'Union St. Jean Baptiste d'Amérique, ainsi les concentrations de chaque chapitre et chaque sous-section sont généralement en ce qui concerne le bien-être et les préoccupations de cette organisation: son église (Catholique), sa géographie (la Nouvelle-Angleterre), ses affaires, et sa politique. Un historien qui est né en France et a émigré à Québec, Robert Rumilly est surtout connu d'être favorable aux sentiments politiques nationalistes dans ses oeuvres historiques. Son livre le plus connu est "l'Histoire de la province de Québec."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Baltimore MD, Biddeford ME, Brunswick ME, Burlington VT, Business and Economics, Canada, Chicago IL, Community: Customs and Social Life, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Exploration and Colonization, Fall River MA, Forestry, Government and Politics, Haiti, Holyoke MA, Irish Americans, Journalism, Lewiston ME, Louisiana, Manchester NH, Montréal QC, Nashua NH, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- General, North Brookfield MA, Portland ME, Providence RI, Québec, Religion, Rhode Island, Springfield MA, United States, Vermont, Violence, War, Waterville ME, Willimantic CT, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Through a Glass Darkly : Ethnic Semiosis in American Literature
Critical research that questions the concept of "ethnic literature" and explores the phenomenon of ethnicities being written out in American literature. Problematizes designating "ethnic literature" as a thing apart, given the peculiar ethnic and cultural blends that run through American social life and American literature in general. Uses the authors Henry James, William Carlos Williams, and others, as examples. -
The Battle over Female (In)Dependence : Women in New England Québécois Migrant Communities, 1870-1930
Waldron explores the impacts of immigration on French Canadian norms of gender, labor, and social practice. She uses the examples of Lewiston, Maine, and Worcester, Massachusetts, and the different economies therein to ultimately observe the impact of a certain migration on the traditions (oppressive or otherwise) of a people. From the text: "My argument is twofold: on one hand, for male leaders in these migrant communities, perpetuating traditional ideas about men's and women's contributions to family and society was part of an effort to retain, on a communal level, their distinct identity as a Catholic people of French Canadian ancestry. In contrast, for female migrants, the decision to support traditional gender norms was a more complicated one; many migrant women and their American-born daughters advocated perpetuation of traditional Quebecois understandings of gender not only as a means of defining their place in American society, as Catholic women of French Canadian ancestry, but also to obtain and maintain the benefits and status within the home that these ideals afforded them in the United States."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Auburn ME, Community: Customs and Social Life, Emigration and Immigration, Family, Folklore, Gender and Sexuality, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Manchester NH, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Québec, Religion, Social History, Winchendon MA, Worcester MA -
Demographic Components of the Francisation of Rural Québec : The Case of Rawdon
Analysis of the population, migration, and marriage patterns of Rawdon, Québec, as they relate to a growing percentage of predominantly French speakers in that region. From the author: "This paper is an empirical examination of the processes by which a rural area of Québec originally colonised by anglophones has become increasingly francisised. While popular imagery associates French Canadian population growth in Québec with very large family sizes and with the outmigration of anglophones, no studies currently exist which attempt to measure the relative impact of each factor. In addition, other contributing demographic variables may be examined for their effects on population changes, notably the proportion of persons who marry, mortality statistics, age at marriage, and child-spacing." -
"Nos ancétres les Gaulois": Ethnicity and History
in VermontEssay on the topic of ethnicity, ethnic whiteness, and the ethnic heritages of Vermont. An exploration in historiography that asks the question, "who are the 'real' Vermonters?" and considers how we could ever know the answer. -
De "Canadiens français aux États-Unis" à "Franco-américains" : What's in a name?
Un bref essai sur le dièbut du titre "Franco-américain" aux Etats-Unis, et le développement là d'un nouveau culture américain comme mode de vie sur un modièle des réalités québécoises. -
The French-Canadian Experience in New England and the Photographs of Ulrich Bourgeois
An essay on how photographer Ulrich Bourgeois captured the French Canadian ways of living that persisted and developed individually in early 20th-century Franco America. How Bourgeois, knowingly or not, worked to preserve a period of Franco American history otherwise obscure and absent from much of the contemporary collective memory. Says Schwartzwald, Bourgeois' Massachusetts and New Hampshire photos "reflect both the perceptions of those in the Franco-American community on their way to becoming owners of larger businesses and professionals, as well as Bourgeois' own experience of community as unity and homogeneity rather than as disparity and tension." -
"This is Not a Catholic Nation" : The Ku Klux Klan Confronts Franco-Americans in Maine
From MIT Press Journals: "During the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan expanded to the northeastern United States, where it confronted Franco-American Catholics throughout Maine. In response, this ethnic population modeled an appropriate resistance to the KKK's unyielding message of Americanism and nativism, helping to precipitate the demise of this reactionary mass movement." -
Franco-American Studies in the Footsteps of Robert G. LeBlanc
Article praising the work of scholar Robert LeBlanc. Cites not only the importance of the focus on geography and the treatment of history in his research, but his precision and innovation in Franco-American Studies - his efforts to see ethnic culture as a much more complex thing than the simple reduction of customs or language. -
The Acadian Migrations
A concise account of the Acadian migrations between 1750 and 1800, including intercontinental migration routes, community prevalance, and the political context that motivated such a tumultuous half-century in and out of Atlantic Canada.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Connecticut, Emigration and Immigration, England, Exploration and Colonization, France, Geography, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Newfoundland, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Geography, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Nova Scotia, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward Island, Québec, South Carolina, St. John River Valley, St. Lawrence River Valley, Violence -
A French-Canadian Education and the Persistence of 'La Franco-Américanie'
From the author: "The migration of one million French Canadians from Québec to the United States between 1840 and 1940 was different from the migrations of other ethnic groups. The proximity of Québec made possible the maintenance of intimate social and cultural relationships between emigrants and their homeland. Thousands of Franco-Americans were educated in the colleges classiques of French Canada, assuring an ideological conformity between elite groups on both sides of the border and delaying the Americanization of Franco-Americans for several decades." -
The Francophone "Conquest" of New England : Geopolitical Conceptions and Imperial Ambition of French-Canadian Nationalists in the Nineteenth Century
From the author:" 'Les Canadiens Français de la Nouvelle-Angleterre' (1891) by the French Jesuit Edouard Hamon is representative of Quebec imperialist thought. Hamon envisioned a peaceful conquest of New England by a surplus French-Canadian population, capable of resisting Americanization, laboring in the mills, and farming the countryside. Hamon suggested bonds between established Quebec churches and churches in northern New England. He favored a sovereign nation formed out of Quebec and Franco-American New England. Hamon's work was warmly received by French Canadians and Franco-Americans, although it awakened nativist suspicion in the United States."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Criticism and Review, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Government and Politics, Labor History, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- French in North America, Nonfiction -- Geography, Nonfiction -- Government and Politics, Québec, Religion, United States -
Review : Béatrice Craig, Backwoods Consumers and Homespun Capitalists : The Rise of a Market Culture in Eastern Canada
A review of Béatrice Craig's "Backwoods Consumers and Homespun Capitalists: The Rise of a Market Culture in Eastern Canada" (University of Toronto Press, 2009). The reviewer, Robert Kristofferson, is a professor at Wilfrid Laurier University.Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Canada, Criticism and Review, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Farming and Agriculture, Forestry, Fur-trading, Labor History, New Brunswick, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, St. John River Valley -
Madawaska Twin Barn
From the authors: "Virtually unique to the upper St. John Valley of Maine, the Madawaska twin barn is a large structure consisting of two parallel sections joined to form an "H." Although the form has its origin in a restricted barn building tradition of nineteenth century Québec, oral history research and detailed survey suggest that the barn is not the product of direct diffusion. Rather it is a symbol of French Canadian culture adopted during the period between the 1880s and 1930s when French valley residents were eager to assert their "Franco-American" identity. The Madawaska twin barn displays some affinity to American barns in Aroostook County and particularly the Yankee symbol, the connecting barn. However, its appearance is also French Canadian. The distribution of the twin barn defines an area of French Canadian and American interaction which remains distinct." -
Voyages : A Maine Franco-American Reader
Celebrated collection of essays, stories, poems, songs, art, and other works on the history of Franco American people and their communities in Maine. Features the following writings by their respective authors, in order of appearance:
Foreword by Nelson Madore Appreciation by the Editors Preface by Michael Michaud Introduction by Barry Rodrigue and Others Gentility on the Frontiers of Acadia, 1635-1674: An Archaeological Perspective, by Alaric Faulkner Eastern Abenaki Autonomy and French Frustrations, 1745-1760, by David Ghere An Album in the Attic: The Forgotten Frontier of the Quebec-Maine Borderlands During the Revolutionary War, by Barry Rodrigue Life on the Farm and Recipes, by Luella and Eva Ashland Roderick Immigrants in a Frontier Community: Madawaska, 1785-1850, by Béatrice Craig An Acadian Odyssey, by Don Cyr Soldiers, Spuds, and Spruce: Maine's Military Roads to the Maritimes, by Barry Rodrigue Understanding the French Canadians of Lewiston, 1860-1900, by Yves Frenette Immigrant Dream - I, by Susann Pelletier Growing Up in Brunswick in the 1930s and 1940s, by Raymond Duval Petit Bois, by Claude Bonang with Katie Camiré Into the Heart of Maine: A Look at Dexter's Franco-American Community, by Dorothy Blanchard Sawdust in My Ear, by Roland Lapointe Franco-American and Lebanese Textile Workers in Waterville: La survivance economique, by Matthew Laflamme "Je ne regrette rien:" Franco-American Women in Maine: Survival, Resiliency, and Community, by Céleste DeRoche A La Mémoire de nos Ancetres (To the Memory of Our Ancestors), by Mercedes Gastonguay The French Catholics in Maine, by Clement Thibodeau Negotiating Ethnic Identity: St. Jean-Baptiste Day Celebrations in Francophone Lewiston, Maine, by Mark Paul Richard Donat Labbé - Woods Cook, by Yvon Labbé The Jackman and Moose River Mission: From France to America with the Sisters of St. Joseph of Lyons, 1904-1932, by Gérard Forgue A New Home, by Paul Caron A Childhood Memory: Midnight Mass at St. Peter's and St. Paul's, by Helen Lévesque Maine's Corporation Sole Controversy, by Michael Guignard The Summer I Was Thirteen, by Denis Ledoux An Introduction to "Life in the Mills" from Canuck, a Novel by Camille Lessard-Bissonnette, by Linda Pervier "Life in the Mills," Excerpt from Canuck, by Camille Lessard-Bissonnette and Linda Pervier An Introduction to Canuck and Camille Lessard-Bissonnette: Why Read It Now?, by Sylvie Charron and Rhea Côté Robbins Franco-Americans and the International Paper Company Strike of 1910, by Anders Larson An Excerpt from Papa Martel, by Gérard Robichaud J'Aimais (I Used to Love), by Jean-Paul Poulain Passing the Flame, by Cindy Larock French-Canadian Genealogical Research, by Bob Chenard Down the Plains, an Excerpt, by Rhea Côté Robbins Calice, by Greg Chabot The Lane Road, 1958, by Susann Pelletier What We Gather in November, by Susann Pelletier How Many Frenchmen Does It Take to..., by C. Stewart Doty The Lessons of Living in a Francophobic World, by Pat LaMarche French Jokes, Anonymous When Funny Might Not Be..., by Ernie Gagné One of Frenchie's Stories: In Heat, by Ernie Gagné La Graine Pousse (The Seed Sprout), by Normand Dubé Everything's Just Finophobia, by Greg Chabot Research Note: Maine "Jim Crow"? The Forgotten Maine Constitutional Amendment of 1891, by Rebecca Dirnfeld A Short Biography for My Daughter, by Raymond Luc Lavasseur Under Wintery Constellation, by Susann Pelletier A ceux qui m'ont offensé (For Those Who Have Offended Me), by Jean-Paul Poulain Franco-American Identity at the University of Maine, by Michael Serizawa Brown Beau Frog, by Peter Archambault Out of the Shadows, by Yvon Labbé Photo-Documentary: Franco-American Work Traditions, by Jere DeWaters A Québec Soldier in Maine, by Barry Rodrigue The Silent Playground, by Ross and Judy Paradis Mémere (Grandmother), by Raymond Luc Lavasseur Tourtiière (Meat Pie), by Philomiène Létourneau Simard and Diane Simard McKenney Voicing Mémière, by Kristin Langellier On Becoming a Franco-American, by Richard Pattenaude She Appears, by Jim Bishop Livres (Books), by Maureen Perry My Writing of La Souillonne (The Filthy Woman), by Normand Beaupré "Qui Chus" (Who I Am), Excerpt from La Souillonne, by Normand Beaupré Franco-Americans and a Century of Political Elections, 1892-1992, by Madeleine Giguière Ad Astra per Aspera - To the Heavens through Hardship: The Franco-American Rise to Political Power in Maine, by Christian Potholm First Campaigns, Georgette Bérubé Maine Franco-Americans in Politics, by John Martin Singing the Vernacular, Excerpts, by Paul Paré Brunswick: A Bridge and Its History, by Julianna L'Heureux Les Non Non Blues (The No No Blues), by Josée Vachon Acadian Ployes, by Emily Clavet Ouellette Martin and Sandra Dionne Croft The Neighborhood, by Michelle Morgan Why Bother? by Michael ParentTags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Art and Architecture, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Death and Disaster, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Essay, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Exploration and Colonization, Family, Farming and Agriculture, Fiction and Literature, Folklore, Food, Forestry, Gender and Sexuality, Genealogy, Geography, Government and Politics, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Maine, Mills and Mill Work, Music, Native Americans, New Brunswick, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Anthology, Nova Scotia, Performing Arts, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Poetry, Québec, Religion, Social History, Sports and Leisure, Violence, War -
Languages in Conflict : Canada, 1976
An explanation of 1970s Canadian census figures specifically regarding language, birth rates, and geography. From the author: "Canada is an ideal country in which to study the progress of language transfer and other factors affecting minority survival, because the decennial census includes three questions on language and one on ethnic origin. From census data, it will be shown that two-thirds of Canada's population live in English dominated regions, within which minorities of all other languages are dwindling through assimilation, but that there is also a French Canada, within which it is the use of the English language that is declining. The two languages co-exist only within a narrow bilingual belt." -
Kill the Devil or Marry an American : Descent and Consent among the Cajuns
Article exploring the development of Cajun ethnic identity through its iterations in modern theatrical performance in Louisiana, in a period of apparent ethnic revival. How Cajun theatre and its use of the French language function in terms of shaping and defining Cajun identity in Louisiana, abroad, and in the dramatic arts. -
French National Societies in New England
Article on the early-twentieth-century establishment of Franco American social organizations, and their implications for cultural heritage preservation, or the idea of "la survivance." Refers to already-established social organizations in Québec as developmental models for emigrant French Canadian and Franco American communities in New England.Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Boston MA, Community: Customs and Social Life, Fitchburg MA, Holyoke MA, Illinois, Maine, Malone NY, Manchester NH, Michigan, Montréal QC, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New York, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Clubs and Societies, Nova Scotia, Religion, Springfield MA, Vermont, Waltham MA, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Les "Petits Canadas" de la Nouvelle-Angleterre
De l'auteur: "La communauté franco-américaine de Nouvelle-Angleterre, ou «communauté franco», est relativement méconnue en France. L'action qu'elle conduit pour faire reconnaître son identité au sein de la région qui l'accueille offre pourtant un témoignage remarquable de ses capacités de survivance - son « réveil » actuel atteste en outre de la maturité et de l'ouverture de la société américaine d'aujourd'hui qui, apriès avoir perçu comme une menace la présence franco, l'accepte maintenant avec fierté et reconnaissance. Au XXIe siiècle, il y a un avenir pour le fait français en Nouvelle- Angleterre, il y a une place, nous disent aussi les Américains, pour la diversité culturelle au service de la cohésion nationale."Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Biddeford ME, Boston MA, Brunswick ME, Calais ME, Castine ME, Community: Customs and Social Life, Connecticut River Valley, Demography, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fort Kent ME, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Manchester NH, Merrimack River Valley, Mills and Mill Work, Montpelier VT, Montréal QC, Mt. Desert Island ME, New Bedford MA, New Brunswick, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- French in North America, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Religion, Saco River Valley, Southbridge MA, St. John River Valley, Violence, Woonsocket RI -
Robert G. LeBlanc, 1930-2001
Short piece honoring geographer and historian Robert G. LeBlanc, and introducing his two major pieces of scholarship: one on the Acadian migrations, the other on the Québec ties of the New England Franco-American elite. -
Agriculture and the Lumberman's Frontier in the Upper St. John Valley, 1800-70
Essay on the interconnection of agriculture and forestry, the farming and lumbering industries, their effects on one another, and their implications on population through the nineteenth century in the St. John River Valley in Maine and New Brunswick. -
Review : Backwoods Consumers and Homespun Capitalists : The Rise of a Market Culture in Eastern Canada
A business review of Beatrice Craig's "Backwoods Consumers and Homespun Capitalists: The Rise of a Market Culture in Eastern Canada." The reviewer, Leslie Choquette, author of "Frenchmen into Peasants: Modernity and Tradition in the Peopling of French Canada" (Harvard University Press, 1997), is the Director of Assumption College's French Institute.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Canada, Criticism and Review, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Farming and Agriculture, Forestry, Fur-trading, Labor History, New Brunswick, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, St. John River Valley -
The Special NDEA Institute at Bowdoin College for French Teachers of Canadian Descent
Essay on the 1961 French Institute (Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine) held under the terms of the National Defense Education Act that was intended, by the federal government, to tap into and develop the linguistic resource of native Franco-American French speakers. Complicated by the divergence of New England French from standard Parisian French. Brault provides here a paraphrased version of the Institute's curricula, which aimed to standardize spoken French from its dialectical or vernacular forms local to Maine. -
Review : Backwoods Consumers and Homespun Capitalists : The Rise of a Market Culture in Eastern Canada
A review of Béatrice Craig's "Backwoods Consumers and Homespun Capitalists: The Rise of a Market Culture in Eastern Canada" (University of Toronto Press, 2007). From Bittermann, provided by Project MUSE: "Backwoods Consumers and Homespun Capitalists examines the history of rural life in the Madawaska region of the Upper Saint John River Valley from early non-Indigenous settlement in the 1780s to the closing years of the third quarter of the nineteenth century. Thus, although the title suggests otherwise, it is a story that unfolds primarily within the history of British North America and the United States rather than the new Canadian nation-state. Although cast in large part as an exploration of questions raised by a literature concerning the presence or absence of capitalism in rural North America, Craig's study offers valuable insights to those who have little patience with the transition debate and who believe that wading into that quagmire simply generates more mud(dle)."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Canada, Criticism and Review, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Farming and Agriculture, Forestry, Fur-trading, Labor History, Maine, Native Americans, New Brunswick, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, St. John River Valley -
Intellectual Desire
Autobiographical essay that attempts to tease out intersections between class, culture, and sexuality. Bérubé recounts his past "in a way that focuses on class, ethnic, and educational migration" out of a homebase in working-class Franco America. The author writes: "I do my work now in the borderlands between social classes, between the university and the community, between heterosexual and homosexual, between educated speech and down-to-earth talk, between Franco-American and Québécois, between my family and the gay community." Reprinting of a presentation Bérubé gave at the 1992 Montreal colloquium, "La Ville en Rose: Le Premier colloque Québécois d'études lesbiennes et gaies." Also available in the anthology, "Queerly Classed: Gay Men and Lesbians Write About Class" (Boston: South End Press, 1997).Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Aldenville MA, Androscoggin River Valley, Chicopee MA, Connecticut River Valley, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Gender and Sexuality, Holyoke MA, Merrimack River Valley, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Essay, Penobscot River Valley, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Québec, Social History -
The French Canadians Outside of Québec
Brief essay from an early twentieth-century Canadian senator on the presence of French Canadians in the United States and the provinces of Canada.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Biddeford ME, California, Canada, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Exploration and Colonization, Fall River MA, Geography, Haverhill MA, Holyoke MA, Lawrence MA, Lewiston ME, Louisiana, Lowell MA, Manchester NH, New Bedford MA, New Brunswick, New England, New Mexico, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Government and Politics, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Ontario, Oregon, Providence RI, Québec, Southbridge MA, Springfield MA, US Midwest, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
From Mills to Millennium : Documenting Social Change Through Oral Histories Among Three Generations of Franco-Americans in Manchester
Dissertation describing the historical development of a Franco American cultural identity through oral history interviews conducted by the author with sixteen Franco American people in the Manchester, New Hampshire region. Includes two parts: video recording of interviews and thesis text with historical background, select transcription, and contextualized analysis of interviews. Interviewees vary in age between 19 to 90. Includes personal historical introduction, historical background on the Franco American community in Manchester, and discussion of broad themes relevant to interview topics as identified by the author: memory, place, and identity as well as "family, education, religion, and discrimination"(iv). Discussion of "assimilation theory" in a Franco American context.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Community: Customs and Social Life, German Americans, Greek Americans, Irish Americans, Italian Americans, Manchester NH, Merrimack River Valley, Mills and Mill Work, New Hampshire, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Nonfiction -- Social Science: Anthropology and Sociology, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Nonfiction -- Sociology, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Polish Americans, Religion, Violence -
L'identité des Acadiens de la vallée du Saint-Jean
Étude sur l'identité ethnique et sa transformation dans les Acadiens de la vallée de la riviière Saint-Jean au nord de l'état du Maine dans les années 1990; analyse basée sur des recherches historiques et des données locales et multi-générationnelles acquises par un questionnaire distribué à Fort Kent, Madawaska, Ste. Agathe, et Van Buren; information sur la langue, la famille, la géographie, et la conscience ethnique; introduction historique aux Acadiens de l'Amerique du Nord; une copie du questionnaire en annexeTags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Fort Kent ME, France, Great Britain, Language and Linguistics, Madawaska ME, Maine, Native Americans, New Brunswick, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Nova Scotia, Religion, St. Agatha ME, St. John River Valley, Travel and Movement, Van Buren ME, Violence -
Some Social Factors Affecting the French Spoken in Lewiston, Maine
Dissertation on the relationship between the French language and Franco American culture in Lewiston, Maine in the twentieth century. Historical background of Maine French speakers. Theories and methods in the study of French in New England as introduction and comparison to the author's own survey research in Lewiston. Contents and results of a linguistic questionnaire given various French speakers in Lewiston. From the author: "Using a broadly based survey of the French spoken in Lewiston, Maine this thesis treats the question of the levels of Franco-American speech. The relationship of language features to social factors is studied by means of a computer-aided analysis of a representative sample of the French-speaking population" (iii, Abstract). -
Les causes du déclin de la presse franco-américaine
Un thièse de maîtrise sur des gens et des lieux américaines qui ont affectés la croissance et la prospérité des presses franco-américaines au XIXe siiècle, aussi que les circonstances de leur disparition au XXe. Un accent particulier sur les publications périodiques de la Nouvelle-Angleterre et du Midwest américain. Profils de certains agents dans le journalisme franco-américain. Enfin, en considération de la variété des contenus et des perspectives journalistiques dans des différentes publications, quelques réflexions sur le déclin de ce forme culturelle et journalistique. Commentaires sur l'assimilation et l'angilicization. Table des matieres: Introduction Naissance et développement de la presse franco-américaine dans le Midwest américain Naissance et développement de la presse franco-américaine en Nouvelle-Angleterre Causes générales du déclin L'âme franco-américaine Conclusion BibliographieTags Acculturation and Assimilation, Amesbury MA, Biddeford ME, Burlington VT, Chicago IL, Cohoes NY, Community: Customs and Social Life, Concord NH, Connecticut, Detroit MI, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, France, Glens Falls NY, Holyoke MA, Illinois, Journalism, Kankakee IL, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Massachusetts, Merrimack River Valley, Michigan, Minneapolis MN, Minnesota, Nashua NH, New England, New Hampshire, New York, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- General, Nonfiction -- Journalism, Notre Dame IN, Québec, Rhode Island, St. Albans VT, St. Louis MO, St. Paul MN, Troy NY, US Midwest, Vermont, Wisconsin, Worcester MA -
The Women of Survivance : A Case Study of Ethnic Persistence Among the Members of Franco-American Women's Groups in New England, 1950-Present
Thesis in sociology highlighting Franco American women in the preservation of ethnic heritage and language. Based on a variety of case studies conducted by the author in 1980s New England. From the author: "The primary purpose of this dissertation was to explore questions related to the processes of ethnic persistence and, secondarily, to understand the role of women in these processes. The procedure for this investigation was to conduct a case study of an ethnic women's organization, La Federation Feminine Franco-Americaine (Fede). This case study of the Fede utilized field work techniques, in-depth interviews and the analysis of archival materials. The objectives of this case study were in brief: (1) to delineate the maintenance activities involved in ethnic persistence; (2) to determine the importance of ethnicity to ethnic group members actively involved in its maintenance; (3) to assess the role of ethnic women in these processes, in order to develop a grounded theory of ethnic persistence." -
Habitants in Holyoke : The Development of the French-Canadian Community in a Massachusetts City, 1865-1910
Descriptions of turn-of-the-century transitions among the Franco Americans in Holyoke, Massachusetts, from a lower-class immigrant enclave to a more largely socially integrated, participatory American community with greater public influence. Argues a breakdown of "French Canadian cultural isolation" (xi) gradually taking place between the American Civil War and World War I. A case study in American acculturation, weighing social and cultural factors, industry, economics, and politics, as they concern the Franco American community in a medium-sized New England city. Contains in the introduction an overview and analysis of research on Franco Americans and French Canadian immigration.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Family, Government and Politics, Holyoke MA, Irish Americans, Labor History, Massachusetts, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Québec, Religion, Travel and Movement, Youth -
French and English Canadians in "Milltown" : A Pilot Study of the Organizational and Interactional Aspects of a Bicultural and Bilingual Town
Dissertation analyzing the social dynamics of an Ontario "pulp and paper town" with significant French- and English-heritage populations. A comparative sociological study in how ethnicity impacts community structures and interrelations in Canada. How the phenomena of dual social organizations divided along ethnic lines relate to industry, town economics, and politics. Comments on observable forms of inter-communal relations and the status of inter-ethnic interaction in the studied town. Presents a local case in a national, Canadian context, with reference to notions of acculturation and histories of group conflict. From the author: "The argument is that interethnic relations can be considered from the perspective of social organization and/or interorganizational relations because the characteristics of organized ethnic collectivities are crucial to the understanding of intergroup relations" (iii).Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Canada, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Government and Politics, Language and Linguistics, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Ethnic Studies, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Nonfiction -- Sociology, Ontario -
Guidelines for the Teaching of French to Franco-Americans
Dissertation exploring the resources and methods available for teaching the French language to the Franco American native French speaker. Suggestions for materials, activity, and practice in the Franco American's bilingual education setting, including tools for fostering "historical perspective" and an appreciation of "cross-culturalism." Particular attention to the Franco American student, namely one's language behaviors and pronunciations, historical background, and cultural heritage. Provides an overview of the history of New England Franco Americans. Includes a selective bibliography for research on bilingualism. From the author: "A general premise of this dissertation is that the language and cultural assets of the Franco-American student can be organized for meaningful language learning experiences....The result of this dissertation should be guidelines to writing and organizing language teaching materials for Franco-Americans" (1,2).Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Auburn ME, Berlin NH, Biddeford ME, Boston MA, Bridgeport CT, Brunswick ME, Burlington VT, Cambridge MA, Central Falls RI, Education, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Hartford CT, Holyoke MA, Language and Linguistics, Lawrence MA, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Nashua NH, New Bedford MA, New England, New Haven CT, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Education, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Pawtucket RI, Portsmouth NH, Providence RI, Springfield MA, St. John River Valley, Waterville ME, West Warwick RI, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Identity Discourse in Three Franco-American Life Histories from the U.S. Federal Writers' Project
Critical reading of three Franco American oral history interviews from the Federal Writers' Project of the late 1930s. An exploration of how the participants in each interview constructed identities of self and community through the stories they chose to tell and the manners in which the stories were communicated. Begins with explanation of this author's specific concerns with methods of "critical discourse analysis," and is contextualized historically with an introduction to the history of New England's Franco American communities in general. Concludes with questions of the shape and substance of a 21st-century Franco American identity, illustrated in the author's own self-examination . From the author: "This project explores the social construction of ethnic identity among Franco-Americans, the descendants of French-Canadian immigrants to the northeastern United States....The project concludes with reflections on how the life narratives might inform a postmodern Franco-American ethnic identity."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Canada, Community: Customs and Social Life, Criticism and Review, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Manchester NH, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Old Town ME, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Religion, Social History, United States -
Le Canada français et le roman américain (1826-1948)
Les rélations culturelles entre le Québec, les canadiens français, et la littérature américaine tel qu'ils apparaissent dans le roman américain. Les impressions américaines populaires de ces romans sur des perceptions du Canada français. L'histoire de cet impact entre 1826 et 1948 - vers la période de la grande migration des canadiens français aux États-Unis.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Boston MA, Canada, Detroit MI, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fiction and Literature, Language and Linguistics, Literary Works, Literary Works -- Criticism and History, Montréal QC, Native Americans, New York NY, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Québec, Religion, United States -
Southern Seduction : Canadian and American Snowbirds in Florida Since 1945
From the author: "This thesis explains and analyzes the phenomenon of seasonal, long-term winter travel to Florida, travelers that South Floridians have called 'snowbirds.' It demonstrates what pushed and pulled [Canadian and American] snowbirds to Florida, analyzes their journey south, their settlement patterns and housing choices, their tendency to congregate together, the forms of their sociability. It mostly defines snowbirds as migrants who, down South, build communities of kindred spirits. In the fragmented built landscape of 20th-century Florida, the congregation of snowbirds produced unique forms of socialization and, we argue, of community. These unique settlements have uniquely influenced Floridians' debates about their own community-building issue, while playing a part in Northerners' views about Florida, the South, the North, the United States and Canada."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Canada, Chicago IL, Community: Customs and Social Life, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Florida, Geography, Government and Politics, Hollywood FL, Miami FL, Montréal QC, New York, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Nonfiction -- Travel and Tourism, Québec, Social History, Sports and Leisure, St. Petersburg FL, Travel and Movement, United States -
Bonsoir le maiêtre et la maiêtresse: le roêle de la Guiannée dans le maintien des communautés franco-américaines de Sainte-Genevieève et de la Prairie du Rocher
From the author: "This dissertation explores the cultural identity of two Franco-American communities in the Mid-West [United States] to identify traits that continue to persist despite language loss due to prejudice and persecution. In this dissertation, I argue that cultural identity does continue in spite of language loss and that when language loss does occur, other identity traits, such as festivals and traditional celebrations take on a more profound and visible role in order to maintain this cultural identity.
"In 2006 and 2007, I observed the Guiannée (La Guiannée) of Sainte Genevieve, Missouri, and of Prairie du Rocher, Illinois, to understand how these two communities continue to express the culture of their French heritage. The Guiannée became the center of my research into understanding the maintenance of the Franco-American identity. This celebration continues each year on New Year's Eve and it is sung in French by members of the community who do not speak, read, or write in French, except in some cases for identifying places, people, or other celebrations."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Canada, Community: Customs and Social Life, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Folklore, France, Language and Linguistics, Missouri, Nonfiction -- Anthropology, Nonfiction -- History -- Local, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Prairie du Rocher IL, St. Genevieve MO, United States, US Midwest -
A Geography of the Imaginary : Mapping Francophone Identities and Curriculum Perspectives in the Postcolonial Present
From the author: "In the province of Alberta, the recent phenomenon of French-speaking newcomers, who are multicultural, multiracial, multiethnic and multifaith, is putting into question the concept of a collective Francophone identity in Canada. On the one hand, the notion of a collective Francophone identity has been evolving for several decades. On the other, changing demographics are challenging the already elusive concept of Francophone identity across Canada, thus making the notion increasingly difficult to define. The question therefore remains: who is Francophone in Canada?...As a Francophone teacher-researcher in a minority setting, I am particularly drawn to explore how Grade 7 students perceive and construct the francophonie and their Francophone identity as lived in Alberta. Specifically, I consider how stories of history, memory, language and geography explore the lived experience of Francophones in Alberta, especially during an era of increasing pluralism..." -
The Need for Bilingual Education in the Schools of Vermont
Argument toward implementing a bilingual education program in the public schools of the state of Vermont. Written in the context of the 1968 United States congressional discussions about funding bilingual education in general, and the scope of languages to which congress would propose attention. Uses Vermont as a case study in language demographics. Presents the author's collection of data concerning Vermont language usage, geographic distribution of children with limited English-speaking ability, and other factors pertinent to the federal legislation in question. While the dissertation engages bilingual education as a national phenomenon involving many languages other than English, the specific case of Vermont orientates the author toward the language realities of that state, the bulk of non-English speakers being represented in populations of French-speaking Franco Americans there. Contains an overview of scholarship on bilingualism.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Albany VT, Alburg VT, Bakersfield VT, Barnet VT, Barre VT, Barton VT, Bennington VT, Berkshire VT, Brandon VT, Brattleboro VT, Brighton VT, Brownington VT, Burlington VT, Canaan VT, Charleston VT, Charlotte VT, Clarendon VT, Colchester VT, Coventry VT, Demography, Derby VT, Eden VT, Education, Enosburg Falls VT, Essex VT, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fair Haven VT, Fairfax VT, Ferrisburgh VT, Franklin VT, Georgia VT, Government and Politics, Hanover NH, Hardwick VT, Highgate VT, Holland VT, Hyde Park VT, Irasburg VT, Jay VT, Jericho VT, Language and Linguistics, Lowell VT, Lyndon VT, Manchester VT, Middlebury VT, Middlesex VT, Milton VT, Montgomery VT, Montpelier VT, Morristown VT, New Haven VT, Newbury VT, Newport VT, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Education, Nonfiction -- Government and Politics, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Norton VT, Orange VT, Orleans County VT, Pownal VT, Proctor VT, Putney VT, Richford VT, Richmond VT, Rockingham VT, Rutland VT, Shelburne VT, Sheldon VT, South Burlington VT, Springfield VT, St. Albans VT, St. Johnsbury VT, Stowe VT, Sutton VT, Swanton VT, Troy VT, Vergennes VT, Vermont, Walden VT, West Rutland VT, Westfield VT, Westford VT, Westminster VT, Whiting VT, Williamstown VT, Wilmington VT, Windsor VT, Wolcott VT -
French Canadian Influence in Manchester, N.H. before 1891
Master's thesis on the impact of French-Canadian immigration, labor, religion, and community-building in the industrial city of Manchester, New Hampshire, in the nineteenth century. Approaches this community before its more recent periods of growth at the beginning of the twentieth century. -
"Accidents of terrain" : The native and foreign worlds of David Plante
From the author: "David Plante, an American writer born in Providence, Rhode Island in 1940, examines the inextricable connection between space and time, place and identity in his most important work, a series of semi-autobiographical novels and short stories about the Francoeur family. This study follows Daniel Francoeur, Plante's principal recurring character and fictional counterpart, on a journey of self-discovery in five novels that are representative of the three decades of Plante's career and illustrative of experiences located in both the native and foreign environments of his fictional world. In these five novels: The Family, The Woods, The Country, The Foreigner, and The Accident, Plante maps a terrain that extends in time and space from the insular French Canadian, Catholic parish in Providence where Daniel Francoeur grows up to the cities of Europe where he spends his late adolescence." -
The Franco-Americans in a New England Community : An Experiment in Survival
A dissertation in sociology on the Franco Americans of Nashua, New Hampshire, previous to 1950, their community culture, and the implications of American assimilation on their social, linguistic, and religious norms. -
Migration, Family, and Gender : A Longitudinal Analysis of French-Canadian Immigrants in Lowell, Massachussetts, 1900-1920
From Takai: "'Migration, Family, and Gender: A Longitudinal Study of French-Canadian Immigrants in Lowell , Massachusetts , 1900-1920,' explores migration from French Canada to a New England urban centre of the textile industry, Lowell, Massachusetts. During the period under study, both Québec and New England underwent significant socioeconomic transformation. This work analyses the impact of these changes on the process of migration and settlement. It also sheds light on the diverse ways in which French-Canadian men, women, and children responded to new realities in an urban industrial society. In order to investigate these issues, it is necessary to consider this migration as a phenomenon which consisted of a series of processes and not as a linear progression towards inevitable assimilation or Americanization. It is also crucial to emphasize the importance of introducing a gendered perspective in order to recognize the diversity of strategies devised by immigrant men and women as well as the cooperation and tensions they experienced in the process of migration and settlement....This thesis joins recent scholarship in criticizing a perspective that has described all immigrant behaviour as necessarily reflecting one set of culturally predetermined norms and customs. Contrary to the stereotyped image of French Canadians as immobile and fatalistic habitants, evidence from this study shows that they were a highly mobile people for whom migration was a pondered response to the structural changes that were radically reshaping Québec and New England societies. It is argued that the behaviour of Lowell's French-Canadian immigrants in the early twentieth century did not merely reflect the cultural transplantation of habitant values, but also the attempts of working-class immigrant families to survive and cope with significant socioeconomic transformation occurring to both Québec and New England. The diversity in the recorded patterns of movements on the part of French Canadians is indicative of their strategic autonomy and flexibility in adjusting to new socioeconomic realities....This study also seeks to redress a major gender imbalance in the historical studies of immigrants by devoting considerable attention to women. Not only did women's lives differ from those of their male counterparts; there was also great variation in the extent to which women assumed financial and domestic tasks. Such diversity, I assert, in the patterns of women's paid work was defined not only by age or marital status, but also by a combination of factors such as household organization, living arrangements, and the availability of child care. Immigrant families harboured complex interpersonal dynamics where different and, at times, conflicting interests had to be negotiated in not necessarily equal terms, but in accordance to each member's power and authority within the family and the larger society."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Death and Disaster, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Gender and Sexuality, Geography, Illness, Labor History, Lowell MA, Massachusetts, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Québec, Social History, St. Lawrence River Valley -
Morphosyntactic Variation and Language Shift in Two Franco-American Communities
From the author: "Although the originally French speaking Franco-American communities of Southbridge, Massachusetts, and Woonsocket, Rhode Island, have much in common historically, language shift toward English has advanced to differing degrees in the two locations. In this dissertation, I explore morphosyntactic variation and the advance of language shift in the two locations using historical documentation, U.S. census figures and sociolinguistic interviews conducted with sixty-nine informants....After comparing and contrasting the sociolinguistic profiles of the two communities, I describe some of the linguistic consequences of the shift from French to English in these traditional Franco-American centers through a quantitative variationist analysis of two morphosyntactic variables. These are auxiliary variation in the passé composé and variation between use of the synthetic and analytic futures. Findings from Southbridge and Woonsocket provide new insight for understanding linguistic change during situations of language decline..."Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Community: Customs and Social Life, Connecticut, Demography, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Language and Linguistics, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, New England, New Hampshire, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Ontario, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Québec, Southbridge MA, Vermont, Woonsocket RI -
Living Arrangements : Race, Ethnicity and Nationality in the Liberal State
From the author: "Liberals usually argue that cultural identity can flourish in the private sphere but should not matter in public. This argument is blind to the way liberal institutions affect cultural identity, the prejudices that members of some groups face, and the need for there to be only one or two public languages in most modern states. To fill this gap in liberal theory, I divide cultural groups into three: racial, ethnic and national groups. I explore this gap by looking at four groups: American Jews, the Amish, Black Americans and French Canadians....I argue that liberal citizenship transforms ethnic identity, making it difficult though not impossible to maintain strong ethnic ties in the liberal state. I defend these effects on ethnic identity, though I also argue that there is often too much pressure on ethnics to give up their particular practices. Liberal citizenship, though, has not transformed the identity of the Amish, who maintain their identity through a voluntary radical separation from the rest of society. The Amish treasure hierarchical and patriarchal illiberal values, but liberal toleration means that the liberal state should do little about this. Black Americans also have a distinctive culture, not from voluntary separation, but as a consequence of racism. For Blacks to gain equal citizenship, the liberal state must work to make Black citizenship visible and allow Blacks to bypass the effects of racism. This is contrary to the usual liberal argument of making issues of identity private matters. If Blacks gain liberal citizenship their identity would change considerably, just as liberal citizenship has transformed ethnic identity....Many people claim their cultural identity is tied to a particular language, yet most languages have a hard time surviving in industrialized, liberal states. I explain the conditions that languages need to survive. I contend, paradoxically, that because liberalism transforms ethnic identity, liberalism increases the importance of language to the identity of some. While liberalism and nationalism are usually antagonistic, I sketch out a compromise between language-based nationalism and liberalism. I end the dissertation by pointing out the implications my argument has for educational policy and for liberal theory." -
Economic Factors in the Persistence of French-Canadian Identity in New England
From Schulz: "French-Canadian immigrants to New England, unlike other ethnic groups in the United States, did not show signs of assimilation into American society until the 1950's. This thesis examines the history of one French-Canadian community - Sand Hill, in Augusta, Maine. French Canadians came to Augusta in great numbers around the turn of the century to work in the cotton mill. To investigate the retention of French-Canadian identity, French-Canadian immigrants are considered as both an ethnic group and a social class. Evidence drawn from interviews with immigrants and from written accounts shows that economic conditions, such as poverty and lack of education, helped to reinforce French-Canadian isolation from "Yankees" in Augusta. Resistance to assimilation was also promoted by policies and informal practices of two strong local institutions: the French Catholic Church and the textile mill." Photographs taken by the thesis author of the Edwards textile mill in Augusta available here.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Augusta ME, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Labor History, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Anthropology, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Religion, Sand Hill ME, Social History -
From Canadien to American : The Acculturation of French-Canadian Descendants in Lewiston, Maine, 1860 to the Present
Dissertation from the author of "Loyal but French: The Negotiation of Identity by French-Canadian Descendants in the United States." From the author: "Using Lewiston, Maine, as a community study, this dissertation examines how individuals of French-Canadian descent negotiated their entry into U.S. society from 1860 to 2001. Descriptive statistics compiled from federal manuscript censuses, city directories, and naturalization records provide portraits of the community at different points in time. The French language newspaper of Lewiston and materials from Catholic archives provide much of the literary evidence in this work....This study challenges our understanding of what we call "assimilation." It suggests that acculturation rather than "assimilation" better describes the process by which ethnic populations join the host society. Historians tend to oversimplify ethnic preservation and acculturation by depicting them as binary opposites. This study argues that, rather than struggling between ethnic retention and acculturation, French-Canadian migrants and their Franco-American descendants in Lewiston pursued them as intertwined goals from the 1870s to the 1950s. It also contends that their Americanization was anything but linear. Lewiston's francophones challenged, rejected, or redefined some of the norms of the host society, as they renegotiated their identity in the United States. Yet, modeling good citizenship was integral to their interconnected identity as ethnic Americans. The experiences of Lewiston's French-Canadian descendants challenge contemporary assumptions about the incompatibility of ethnic retention and Americanization."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Auburn ME, Community: Customs and Social Life, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Government and Politics, Journalism, Labor History, Lewiston ME, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Religion, Social History -
The Status of French Among Youth in a Bilingual American-Canadian Border Community : The Case of Madawaska, Maine
From Price: "This study examines the status of the French language among young residents of Madawaska, Maine, a US-Canadian border community with a long history of bilingualism and contact with French speakers. This study views language status as having two distinct yet interrelated components: (1) code role, or characteristics associated with the use of a given language or variety, such as attitudes of speakers toward the variety and its use, the proficiency level of speakers, language use patterns, and so forth, and (2) code nature, or the state of the variety in question in terms of syntax, phonology and lexicon. The data, collected by means of four interview tasks, targeted both code role and code nature and sought to determine the general status of French among the younger residents of this community. In addition to the younger subject population, a small adult baseline population was also included in order to compare data across generations, so as to identify not just possible differences in code role, but also in code nature, including the possibility of language loss....The data suggested several trends. First, in terms of code role, young subjects generally reported lower levels of language use, proficiency and exposure to French than did adults. Secondly, not only did high-proficiency young subjects generally report higher scores in these areas than did lower-proficiency subjects, but males tended to score higher than females in this regard. This would suggest that exposure to French, context, language proficiency and gender correlate with language use among this population. Conversely, attitudes do not generally appear to be a salient factor motivating French language use. With regard to code nature, the study found that even the most proficient young speakers demonstrated some important gaps in their grammatical competence, and that the young subject population as a whole exhibited features in their production consistent with language loss. The study concludes that although there are still many individuals with ability in French, the differences between younger and older speakers in terms of both code role and code nature suggest that local French will be lost unless further action is taken to reverse the progress of French language loss among young bilinguals in the community."Tags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Community: Customs and Social Life, Demography, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Fort Kent ME, Frenchville ME, Gender and Sexuality, Geography, Language and Linguistics, Madawaska ME, New Brunswick, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Québec, St. John River Valley -
La diphtongaison dans le français de Waterville, Maine : une étude sociolinguistique des voyelles orales
De l'auteur: "Le but de la présente étude est de contribuer à l'étude du français franco-américain, et en particulier, de considérer l'influence de certaines variables sociales sur la diphtongaison des voyelles orales. Nous faisons un résumé de l'histoire de l'immigration des Canadiens français à la Nouvelle-Angleterre et à Waterville, et nous faisons aussi un résumé de la littérature sur le français franco-américain, ainsi que sur le phénomiène de la diphtongaison en français québécois..." -
"These Lines of My Life" : Franco-American Women in Westbrook, Maine : The Intersection of Ethnicity and Gender, 1884-1984
Historical perspectives on Franco American women in Westbrook, Maine, and evolving perspectives on gender and ethnicity over one century. -
Border Spaces and La Survivance : The Evolution of the Franco-American Novel of New England (1875-2004)
From Lees: "This dissertation examines nine texts written by Franco-American novelists of New England. Themes of migrancy, exile, and cultural survival (la survivance) ground my study. I explore the negotiations of cultural, social, political, linguistic, and gendered spaces as experienced---and chronicled in these novels---by the 1.5 million French-Canadian laborers and their families who migrated to New England between roughly 1865 and 1930."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Criticism and Review, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fiction and Literature, Gender and Sexuality, Geography, Government and Politics, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Literary Works, Literary Works -- Criticism and History, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Québec, Religion -
Franco-American Folk Traditions and Popular Culture in a Former Milltown : Aspects of Ethnic Urban Folklore and the Dynamics of Folklore Change in Lowell, Massachusetts
From Lane: "Being Americans of French-Canadian descent, the Franco-Americans of New England possess a rich and original traditional culture which has been little documented up to now, especially in English....As a result, this dissertation, which is a study in ethnic folklore and popular culture, attempts to provide an overview of the folk-traditions of French expression still existing today among the Franco-American community of Lowell, Massachusetts....This work is basically divided into two parts. The first two chapters of Part I deal with the general historical and cultural background of the Franco-Americans of New England, in general, and Lowell, in particular, while the third chapter looks at previous research in the domain of ethnic folklore and, more specifically, Franco-American folklore. Aspects of folklore performance and context are considered from the historical point of view of the Lowell Franco-American community....Part II, on the other hand, deals mainly with the documentation of the various realms of Franco-American folk-traditions, here classified according to genre. Traditional narratives ("contes"), popular jokes ("histoires droles"), children's songs and rhymes, and elements of oral history as well as aspects of traditional singing, music and dance are consecutively considered with sample texts of each genre given and analyzed. Further supporting documents are also presented in the appendices....Because Franco-American culture (and therefore Franco-American folklore and popular culture) is the historical result of successive migrations (from France to what is known today as Canada and, from Canada to New England) this study also takes into account the phenomenon of cultural continuity as well as some aspects of the dynamics of culture change which are viewed here as a process resulting from the conflict having taken and still taking place between two opposing forces: cultural maintenance and assimilation....Most of all, however, this work is a first step into the field of Franco-American oral-traditional genres, popular culture and an homage to ethnic creativity."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Bedford NH, Burlington VT, Canada, Community: Customs and Social Life, Emigration and Immigration, Folklore, France, Lowell MA, Manchester NH, Massachusetts, New Brunswick, New England, Nonfiction -- Anthropology, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Social History, Woonsocket RI -
Phonological Variables in a New England French Speech Community
From the author: "The first section of the present study consists of a historical survey of the Franco-American community, examining those factors, such as the existence of a network of bilingual parochial schools, which were significant for language maintenance efforts. It is observed that French/English bilingualism in New England has seriously declined in the last twenty years, and that organized attempts to provide for its survival are now limited primarily to the state of Maine. The second section of this study specifies the lexical, morphological and syntactic characteristics which distinguish New England French (NEF) from Standard French (SF), based on a corpus of written and oral documents of recent origin. The results obtained are compared with those reported in studies of Canadian French, and in earlier studies of NEF. It is shown that no structural innovations have emerged in NEF which are not also attested in Canadian and other popular varieties of French. The influence of English is primarily restricted to the borrowing of words, but the use of anglicisms is often subject to ridicule. Systematic change in NEF tends to be in the direction of convergence with SF. Synchronically, a continuum of speech style is observed, whose lower or informal levels are characterized by features shared with the French of rural Québec, and whose higher or more formal levels are characterized by corresponding features of SF....The third section consists of an analysis of the present state of the phonology of NEF, and is based on a corpus collected in interviews with six informants in Manchester, New Hampshire. Sixteen phonological rules are formulated, defining elements which distinguish NEF from SF. It is shown that some of these features are being lost as NEF incorporates standard elements. Many of these elements which are avoided in formal speech situations by speakers with more exposure to SF, however, tend to occur frequently or predominantly in less formal situations. The sixteen phonological processes are subjected to partial ordering in terms of an implicational scale, according to whether they are more or less resistant to change. It is shown that those processes which entail only superficial (phonetic) differences between NEF and SF are more likely to be retained, while those processes which entail underlying (morphophonemic) differences are more likely to be lost."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Brunswick ME, Caribou ME, Education, Fall River MA, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Louisiana, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, New Bedford MA, New England, New Hampshire, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Language and Linguistics, Québec, Salem MA, St. John River Valley, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Processes of Immigration : The Franco Americans of Manchester, New Hampshire, 1875-1925
From Kanzler: "The Black History movement of the 1960s, the White Ethnic awareness of the 1970s and current developments in the Hispanic and Asian communities throughout the United States emphasize the significance of ethnicity as a major factor in the analysis of American nationality. These circumstances along with an increasing appreciation of social history as a critical area of research have stimulated new quests into the complexity and ramifications of the social processes of becoming an American....This study focuses on the various processes implied in the migration and settlement of French Canadian immigrants in Manchester, New Hampshire 1875-1925....The second part of the work applies the historical research in an educational setting to test the effectiveness of case study methodology. Using the historical findings in fictionalized form, a French Canadian family is traced from its migration to Manchester through processes of acculturation and adjustment. Control and experimental groups in two secondary U.S. History classes are tested for cognitive achievement and positive attitudes toward cultural diversity."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Criticism and Review, Demography, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Labor History, Manchester NH, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Education, Québec, Religion, Social History -
Le milieu, l'appartenance et l'integration à la société américaine : la littérature comme outil de connaissance des Franco-Américains
Thièse de premier cycle qui explore les écrits de Jack Kerouac, Robert Perreault, Gérard Robichaud, et Rhea Côté Robbins. Une analyse de leurs littératures comme oeuvres franco-américaines, ou exemples de «littératures mineures» qui offrent un commentaire unique sur la géographie et l'idée d'un «sentiment d'appartenance». Undergraduate thesis that explores the writings of Jack Kerouac, Robert Perreault, Gerard Robichaud, and Rhea Cote Robbins. Examines their literature as Franco-American works, and as examples of "minor literatures" that offer a unique commentary on one's geography and "sense of place." -
The Heflingers and the Lamoures : A Microcosm of United States Social History from the 1850's through the 1950's
From Huggins: "This thesis traces the history of two immigrant families from the mid-1800's through the mid-1900's. The social and economic factors of Germany and French Québec are studied to determine reasons for the movement of people from these countries to the United States during the 1800's. Family histories are used to follow the author's ancestors from their arrival through the following one hundred years....The narrative style is used to record family stories and reactions to historical events. The major contribution of this thesis is its furthering of the understanding of the impact of these two immigrant groups on America. Also the assimilation of Germans and French Canadians into American society is demonstrated."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Community: Customs and Social Life, Family, Genealogy, Germany, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Nonfiction -- Sociology, North Dakota, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Québec -
"Swing la tabatiere au fond d'une boite à bois" : The Contemporary Franco-American Quadrille in Rhode Island
Ethnographic study of Franco American folk music and performance in Rhode Island.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Blackstone River Valley, Central Falls RI, Community: Customs and Social Life, Cumberland RI, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Folklore, Music, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Anthropology, Nonfiction -- Folklore, Nonfiction -- Music, Pawtucket RI, Pawtuxet River Valley, Québec, Religion, Rhode Island, Waltham MA, West Warwick RI, Willimantic CT, Woonsocket RI -
Ethnic Survival in a New England Mill Town : The Franco-Americans of Biddeford, Maine
An exploration of the characteristics of cultural survival within the Franco American community in the town of Biddeford, Maine in the 20th century. From the introduction: "In this study I will 1) analyze the fundamental nature of the experiment in survival that the Franco-Americans themselves call 'la survivance' , 2) investigate the historical, cultural, and social origins of 'la survivance' in French-Canadian culture, 3) determine the extent to which the Franco-Americans in New England constitute a deviation from the norm in respect to assimilation into American culture, 4) determine the factors that caused deviation from the norm." -
From French Canadian to Franco-American : Cultural Survival and Reinvention of Nationality in a Connecticut Yankee Town, 1855-1895
From Fluet: "This dissertation...focuses on the immigrant French Canadians who maintained their cultural identity and embraced American nationality in the Connecticut Yankee town of Putnam in the period of 1855-1895. Few community studies exist for Connecticut in this period of rapid change and industrialization. Northeastern Connecticut, which witnessed the disappearance of Yankee homogeneity, remains unexamined. Putnam, with its large immigrant population, is representative of the area, and of many other smaller mill towns in the northeastern United States, and permits a glimpse of the process whereby French Canadians became Franco-Americans....Three questions drive the inquiry. The first question involves overarching issues of change and inherent community tensions and problems: how did Putnam move from a Connecticut Yankee town to a diverse city? Second, how did the immigrant French Canadians maintain their mentality of la survivance while participating in debates critical to the development of the Putnam community? Third, how did the French Canadian presence in Putnam help to broaden the very meaning of what it meant to be American in the mind of the community?"Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Brooklyn CT, Community: Customs and Social Life, Connecticut, Criticism and Review, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Government and Politics, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Putnam CT -
Tool of Acculturation, Outil de Survivance : Education of French Canadians in Holyoke, Massachusetts, 1880-1920
From Fliss: "Motivated to ensure 'la survivance,' the survival of their religion, language, and culture, French-Canadian immigrants established an extensive private Catholic education system ranging from parish elementary and high schools to boarding schools and colleges in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century New England. Of these education levels, parish schools reached the largest number of French-Canadian children. In Holyoke, Massachusetts, French-Canadian survivance efforts centered on the education of their children in French-Canadian parish schools however, the parish school performed a dual role for the French Canadians in the context of their cultural transition in New England. French-Canadian culture pervaded the school day with French as a language of instruction, sisters from French-Canadian orders as teachers, religion and Canadian history in the curriculum, and the observance of traditional cultural customs and celebrations. The French-Canadian immigrant community did not anticipate the schools' second role, that of aiding the acculturation of their children into American society. Although these roles seem to be at cross-purposes, they co-existed in New England until the second half of the twentieth century with the weakening of French-Canadian identity, the shortage of teaching sisters, and the closing of ethnic parish schools. The bilingual and bicultural character of the school day, influenced by both assimilation and survivance strategies, contributed to the development of a Franco-American population in Holyoke...." -
Neither Peasants Nor Frenchmen : Racialization, Immigration, and Industrialization in the Franco-American Community of Manchester, New Hampshire, 1880-1930
From the author: "In this thesis, I examine how the processes of racialization, immigration, and industrialization caused the emergence of two divergent definitions of ethnic identity in the FrenchCanadian community of Québec and the FrancoAmerican community of Manchester, New Hampshire between 1880 and 1930."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, France, Great Britain, Labor History, Language and Linguistics, Manchang MA, Mills and Mill Work, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Québec, Religion -
Construction, Perpetuation and Unraveling of a Community : The Franco Americans of Manchester, New Hampshire, 1870 to the Present
Printed in 1987, Fahey's 1974 undergraduate thesis focuses on the history of Franco Americans in Manchester, New Hampshire, their development as a distinctly knit ethnic community, and the eventual softening of the heritage-centered communal bonds that were the trademark of early 20th-century Manchester. Arguments toward French Canadian assimilation in New England. -
Growing Up a Franco-American : The Social and Academic Effects of Bilingual Education in Northern Vermont
From Edwards: "A French-English bilingual education programme in Northern Vermont was studied to investigate its effects upon the French-speaking children. Data was presented showing the decline in French usage in the area, and the gradual assimilation of the French families into the American mainstream. Against this background, the program was seen to have helped the French pupils in academic performance compared both with their English schoolmates and with pre-programme French children. It was also shown that the programme did not have much impact outside the schools upon language usage or maintenance nor, it was argued, would this have been a realistic aim. However, in the terms ot the Act under which the programme operated, the programme was successtul - a considerable achievement in view of the generally bleak record of intervention programmes."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Berlin NH, Demography, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Essex County VT, Fall River MA, Holland VT, Island Pond VT, Language and Linguistics, Lewiston ME, Manchester NH, New England, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Education, Nonfiction -- Psychology, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Orleans County VT, Québec, Vermont, Youth -
Structure and Strategy : French-Canadians in Central New England, 1850-1900
Fitchburg and Worcester, Massachusetts, as cities atypical of Franco American communities in the 19th century. Focuses on the specific industries, demography, and institutional developments in these cities that serve to break the better-known pattern model of what is known as "the New England mill town." From the author: "[This study] uses an ecological approach to explore the occupational make-up, settlement patterns, institutional development, and demographic tendencies of the French-Canadians in these two industrially diversified cities as compared to 'Spindle Cities'....This is a departure from standard works on Franco-Americans....It examines a region and its social groups to see middle range social phenomena." -
The Role of French National Societies in the Socio-Cultural Evolution of the Franco-Americans of New England from 1860 to the Present : An Analytical Macro-Sociological Case Study in Ethnic Integration Based on Current Social System Models
Dissertation on the histories of Franco American national societies and fraternal organizations in New England. Their significance to French Canadian and Franco American communities there from 1860 to 1960. How these organizations were involved in the socialization of francophone Canadian immigrants in the United States. An argument that these processes of socialization are better described as "integration" rather than "assimilation." Observations on "the socio-cultural evolution of the Franco-American ethnic group in New England" (1). A case study in macrosociology. Contains various observations of Franco American national societies and parishes throughout the Northeast.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Albany NY, Anoka MN, Aurora IL, Biddeford ME, Business and Economics, Canada, Chicago IL, Community: Customs and Social Life, Concord NH, Connecticut, Detroit MI, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Fitchburg MA, Glens Falls NY, Government and Politics, Holyoke MA, Irish Americans, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Maine, Manchester NH, Massachusetts, Mendota MN, Millbury MA, Minneapolis MN, Nashua NH, New England, New Hampshire, New York NY, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Social Sciences, Nonfiction -- Sociology, Polish Americans, Providence RI, Religion, Rhode Island, Salem MA, Southbridge MA, St. Paul MN, Troy NY, Vermont, Wayne County MI, Webster MA, Westborough MA, Willimantic CT, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Revolution : The Coming of F.A.R.O.G., 1970-1972
From the author: "In 1970 a group of Franco-Americans at the University of Maine, Orono, began meeting to discuss the creation of a new Franco-American ethnic identity. By the end of 1972, the succeeded in establishing a formal Franco-American program. They succeeded for several reasons. Like some Franco-Americans of their time, they felt acutely the loss of their ethnic group's former ties to a proud French-Canadian heritage. They learned from other movements of their own time how to go about redefining their group's identity, and the administration of the University of Maine, Orono, provided some of the material resources that the group needed in order to make it a formally established program."Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Biddeford ME, Burlington VT, Business and Economics, Community: Customs and Social Life, Danielson CT, Demography, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fall River MA, Farming and Agriculture, Farmington ME, Fitchburg MA, Forestry, Fort Kent ME, France, Gender and Sexuality, Gorham ME, Government and Politics, Haverhill MA, Holyoke MA, Labor History, Lowell MA, Manchester NH, Mills and Mill Work, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Education, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, North Brookfield MA, Orono ME, Presque Isle ME, Québec, Religion, Southbridge MA, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Alphonsine
Historical novel introducing the author's great-great-grandparents' from Montréal, Québec, and their family's new life after immigrating to Rapid City in the Black Hills area of South Dakota, USA. Begins with the mother - Alphonsine - and her children as they leave Montréal to reunite with the father who had left long before to seek work. Family life in the United States in the 19th century. Illustrated in black and white drawings. Contains an epilogue charting the later lives of Alphonsine, her husband Charles, and their several children. -
Two Franco-American Writers : Dantin and Dion-Lévesque
Article exploring the author's notion of cultural "interfacing" through the French Canadian and Anglo American contexts of Montréal-born Louis Dantin (Eugene Seers) and Nashua, New Hampshire native, Rosaire Dion-Lévesque. Both authors wrote in French in early twentieth-century New England. Discussion of Dantin's best-known work, "Les enfances de Fanny," situated in Roxbury, Massachusetts; thoughts on its indifference to "American culture" and to some other themes that predominate other Franco American novels. How the later poetry of Dion-Lévesque, his French translations of Walt Whitman, and his attitudes toward "American culture" compare to the works of Dantin. -
Maine's Acadia : Young Writers Celebrate a Heritage
A collection of student writings in celebration of the 200th year of the Acadian settlement at St. David, Maine, in the northern St. John River Valley. Created during a 1985 Madawaska, Maine summer program for gifted and talented students - MEGA Magnified - under the direction of Gloria Hutchinson.
Includes the following pieces:
Introduction, Gloria Hutchinson
"The Acadians," by Msgr. Gilman Chalout
Sneak Previews
"The Sanctuary," by Robert P. Cyr
"The Time for When to Go," by Carol Dufour Baker
"Oui, Je Me Souviens," by Carol Dufour Baker
"Give Me a Spot in Northern Maine," by Jane Martin
"Growing Up on the Border," by Kim Geraghty
"Two Languages Are Better Than One," by Janet Hebert
"Daigle-Boone: A Game Behaviorist," by Christian Cyr
"Yesterday Came Suddenly," by Mary Marin
"Are Acadians Becoming Americanized?" by Joey Keller
Student Pictures
"The Accursed," by Gina Miranda
"Raindrops from the East," by Lori Ann Albert
"The Vengeance of Three-Fingered Willie," by Shawn Guerrette
"A Pair of Star-Cross'd Lovers," by Tina Chasse
"Crossing the Threshold," by Gary Albert
"In the Name of Honor," by Jenny Albert
"Notes from a Terrorist," by T. Mark Kelly
"Valley Images" (Selected Poems), by T. Chasse, R. P. Cyr, C. Baker, G. M. Miranda, G. Hutchinson
"In Memoriam," by Christian CyrTags Acadians, Acculturation and Assimilation, Allagash ME, Emigration and Immigration, Essay, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Fiction and Literature, Folklore, Fort Kent ME, Language and Linguistics, Literary Works -- Anthology, Madawaska ME, Maine, Native Americans, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Poetry, Religion, St. Agatha ME, St. David ME, St. John River Valley, Wallagrass ME -
Fatherless and Dispossessed : Grace Metalious as a French‐Canadian Writer
Article profiling Manchester, New Hampshire native writer, Grace (de Repentigny) Metalious. Summary and analysis of her best-selling scandalous novel, "Peyton Place," her reportedly favorite novel, "The Tight White Collar," and her final work, "No Adam in Eden." The autobiographical turn of Metalious's writing and the elements of her personal and family lives that shaped her fiction. Featured in an edition of the Journal of Popular Culture entitled, "Canadian Women Writers." -
La jeune Franco-Américaine
L'histoire de Jeanne, fille de Jean, dans le Petit Canada de la ville de Lewiston, Maine, au debut du XXe siècle. Le mort de sa mère, la fierté de son père, sa foi catholique, et les luttes qu'elle endure avec l'amour dans sa jeune vie. Publié à l'origine en 1933 par Le Messager de Lewiston, Maine. Republié en 1980 par le National Materials Development Center à Bedford, New Hampshire. Traductions en anglais sont disponibles. (English translation is also available. Read more HERE) -
La Bêche (The Spade), ou, les Assimilateurs en action : Album de dessins gais
Sous-titrée, "Dédié aux Franco-Américains de la Nouvelle Angleterre."
Une collection de dessins politiques qui soulèvent des questions sur le traitement des Franco-Américaines par leur clergé catholique dans la Nouvelle-Angleterre, ou plus précisément, dans le Maine. Commentaire artistique québécois sur la relation entre l'Église catholique - principalement, les évêques catholiques - et l'assimilation franco-américaine aux États-Unis au début du 20e siècle. Représentations sévères fictifs de la hiérarchie catholique et les Irlando-Américains de la Nouvelle-Angleterre.
De l'éditeur: "Cet album ne surprendra pas ceux qui, depuis vingt ou vingt-cinq ans, s'intéressent au sort de nos compatriotes établis aux Etats-Unis, ou - pour parler avec plus d'exactitude - de nos compatriotes établis en dehors de la province de Québec....Les dessins qui y sont groupés ne font pas autre chose que fixer quelques traits principaux de la vie catholique aux Etats-Unis." -
Alphonsine
Historical novel introducing the author's great-great-grandparents' from Montréal, Québec, and their family's new life after immigrating to Rapid City in the Black Hills area of South Dakota, USA. Begins with the mother - Alphonsine - and her children as they leave Montréal to reunite with the father who had left long before to seek work. Family life in the United States in the 19th century. Illustrated in black and white drawings. Contains an epilogue charting the later lives of Alphonsine, her husband Charles, and their several children. -
From Habitant to Cultivateur : The Rural Quebecer
How the Québécois farmer of the 1980s - confronted with urbanization and industrialization - compares with the agricultural traditions and longheld assumptions about Québec "habitant" ways of life. Based on a case study of farm business, farming, and farm families from La Visitation, outside of Nicolette, Québec. Frequent comparisons made to Horace Miner's 1939 landmark text, "St. Denis: A French-Canadian Parish." -
Regional Competition for Franco-American Repatriates, 1870-1930
Article describing the logics and methods of Québec repatriation from the United States around the turn of the century. The establishment of the Eastern Townships as a Québec repatriation colony, active solicitation of Franco Americans in the United States, and other efforts of the Québec government to redress a "demographic imbalance" between anglophones and francophones in the region after 1870. Perspectives on repatriation from the standpoint of Québec's various political, cultural, and economic goals; Manitoba and western Canada's goals; as well as from Franco American communities in New England. How French Canadian naturalization in the United States, and French cultural pride in New England, effectively combatted Canadian efforts of repatriation. -
The Oldest and Most Resistant Section of the Border
Article describing the historical and cultural conditions of the North American border between United States and Canada, particularly its shapes between the United States and the province of Québec. The author's argument that the Canada-US border persists precisely because of the distinctiveness of Québec culture and politics. Québec's relationship with the United States in terms of 18th and 19th century political disputes; migration; industrialization; trade; Québec's movement toward sovereignty; cultural affairs; and party politics dynamics in the 20th century. How popular attitudes toward the United States compare between Québecers and other Canadians; how international borders compare to interprovincial borders.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Business and Economics, Canada, Emigration and Immigration, Film and Television, Government and Politics, Great Britain, Language and Linguistics, New England, New York, Nonfiction -- Government and Politics, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, North America, Ontario, Québec, United States, Vermont -
Integrating Québec History into the Curriculum
Article describing several ways to integrate resources in Québec history into American university curricula on the history of the United States and North America. Historiographical summaries of historical periods and subject areas in Québec history, from exploration to the present day, with lists of selected French- and English-language texts as suggestions for students and educators. -
Cultural Sovereignty, Identity, and North American Integration : On the Relevance of the U.S.-Canada-Quebec Border
Article exploring cultural policies implemented by Canada and Québec governments to both protect and promote cultural industries and indigenous cultural forms. The function of these policies in shaping national identities. The impact of these policies on Canada-U.S. relations. Canadian policy as response to American cultural industries. How international trade through the lens of FTA, NAFTA, and the WTO relate to Canadian cultural industry and identity politics. -
The French Fact : Linguistic Challenge, Demographic Reality, Political Distortion
Essay on the realities of bilingualism in Canada, specifically in Québec. Projections for the future of the French language there with respect to human movement, population, and linguistic assimilation to English. Acknowledges the political strength and vocalization of Québec City has impacted ("distorted") actual popular arguments in defense of the French language -
Bird Cloud : A Memoir
Narrative of the discovery and inhabiting of the author's homestead along Wyoming's North Platte River. Memoirs from the author's youth and family life, relatives, their cultures and their mobility. Her youth across New England. Historical, archaeological, and genealogical portraits of her family, her various regions, and their people woven throughout. Vivid descriptions of natural life in the rural United States that add to several chapters on the processes of architecting, building, and getting acquainted with her Wyoming home - Bird Cloud - and its own histories. From the author of "The Shipping News," "Accordion Crimes," and several other notable works of fiction.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Art and Architecture, Connecticut, Ethnicity and Collective Identity, Family, Genealogy, Geography, Maine, Montréal QC, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Personal History: Biography and Oral History, Rhode Island, Saratoga WY, Travel and Movement, Vermont, Willimantic CT, Wyoming -
L'identité de l'immigrant québécois en Nouvelle-Angleterre : le rapport Wright de 1882
Un portrait historique de la réponse publique au rapport infâme écrit par Carrol Wright et du Bureau of Labor Statistics du Massachusetts, 1881, dans le contexte de l'immigration canadienne-française classe ouvrière, de la communauté, et de l'identité. Des renseignements biographiques sur Carroll Wright. Activité journalistique dans les communautés franco américaines, en particulier autour de l'œuvre de Ferdinand Gagnon et Hugo A. Dubuque, à l'époque. Réactions au rapport 1881 comme éléments significatifs au notre compréhension de l'identité des immigrants en Nouvelle-Angleterre au 19ème siècle. Référence à l'œuvre historique de Frances Early et un rapport fédéral subséquent sur le travail et le capital qui traite les travailleurs immigrants canadiens-français.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Baltic CT, Cohoes NY, Connecticut, Dunbarton NH, Fall River MA, Grosvenordale CT, Holyoke MA, Lewiston ME, Lowell MA, Manville RI, Massachusetts, Merrimack River Valley, Mills and Mill Work, Nashua NH, New England, New Hampshire, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Government and Politics, Nonfiction -- History -- Economic and Industrial, Nonfiction -- History -- Labor and Social, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Plattsburgh NY, Putnam CT, Québec, Rhode Island, Troy NY, Woonsocket RI, Worcester MA -
Language and Culture : Heritage and Horizons : The 1976 Northeast Conference
Summary description of the twenty-third annual meeting of the Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, held in New York City. The conference's theme relating to the origins and endurance of languages other than English among immigrant groups in the United States, and culminating in three reports: "Origins," "Cultural Pluralism," and "Contributions." Descriptions of conference participants and program content, with emphases on French, Spanish, and German languages. Includes brief descriptions of the work of Normand Dubé, Don Dugas, Guy Dubay, Alain Blanchet, Paul Chassé, Claire Quintal, Nelson Pepin, Joan Young, Roger Paradis, Richard Santerre, Ann Woolfson, Robert Paris, and others. -
"Speak White" : Language Policy, Immigration, Discourse, and Tactical Authenticity in a French Enclave in New England
Article analyzing the Sentinelle Affair in 1920s Rhode Island as a case study in <i>la survivance</i>, for the role of language politics in spectres of assimilation and white ethnicity in the United States, and as a lens to the political economies that have historically upheld English Only language policy arguments. An expansive reading of Sentinellist responses to American Catholic Church English language policies for parochial schools. How events like the Sentinelle Affair imply what have been historical, multifaceted linguistic realities in education throughout the United States, and in particular in New England French-heritage enclaves of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Argument in favor of Franco American "settlement" in New England as best understood in the discourse of diaspora instead of the "resistance-assimilation" dichotomy that often accompanies discussions of local culture in American immigration. -
Les Franco-Américains dans la guerre : patriotisme et survivance
Article journal sur la participation militaire des canadiens-français aux conflits américains: les guerres d'Indépendence et de Sécession, les Guerres mondiales, etc. Quelques descriptions des hommes canadien-français et franco-américains bien-connus pour leur service militaire ou leurs expressions d'une patriotisme américain dans le 20e siècle. Explorations de la phénomène de la guerre comme entrée franco-américaine dans la discussion de l'identité culturelle et nationale; des attitudes franco-américains envers le Canada, le Québec, et le France; des négotiations de "l'élite franco-américain" pour un héritage français aux États-Unis par des périodes d'un patriotisme intensifié américain. La guerre américaine en tant que site de la dualité culturelle franco-américain.Tags Acculturation and Assimilation, Boston MA, Canada, Clubs and Societies, Cooperville NY, Fall River MA, Lake Champlain VT, Lowell MA, Malone NY, Manchester NH, Nonfiction, Nonfiction -- Government and Politics, Nonfiction -- History -- General, Nonfiction -- Immigration, Oswego NY, Québec, Rouse's Point VT, War, Whitehall NY, Woonsocket RI